cho 3 số x, y, z khác không thỏa mãn:1/x+1/y+1/z=0.tính giá trị biểu thức P=yz/x^2+xz/y^2+xy/z^2
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Giả thiết tương đương xy + yz + zx = 0.
Từ đó dễ dàng chứng minh được \(\left(xy\right)^3+\left(yz\right)^3+\left(zx\right)^3=3xy.yz.zx=3x^2y^2z^2\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{\left(xy\right)^3+\left(yz\right)^3+\left(zx\right)^3}{3x^2y^2z^2}=\dfrac{xy}{z^2}+\dfrac{yz}{x^2}+\dfrac{zx}{y^2}\).
\(M=\frac{yz}{x^2}+\frac{xz}{y^2}+\frac{xy}{z^2}=\frac{y^3z^3+x^3z^3+x^3y^3}{x^2y^2z^2}=\frac{\left(yz+xz\right)^3+x^3y^3-3xy^2z^3-3x^2yz^3}{x^2y^2z^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(yz+xz+xy\right)\left[\left(yz+xz\right)^2+xy\left(yz+xz\right)+x^2y^2\right]-3xyz^2\left(xz+yz\right)}{x^2y^2z^2}\)
\(=\frac{0.\left[\left(yz+xz\right)^2+xy\left(yz+xz\right)+x^2y^2\right]-3xyz^2\left(xz+yz\right)}{x^2y^2z^2}\)
\(=\frac{-3xyz^2\left(xz+yz\right)}{x^2y^2z^2}=\frac{-3\left(xz+yz\right)}{xy}=\frac{-3.\left(-xy\right)}{xy}=3\)
Ta có \(\frac{x+2xy+1}{x+xy+xz+1}=\frac{x+2xy+xyz}{x+xy+xz+xyz}=\frac{1+2y+yz}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}\)
Tương tự => \(M=\frac{1+2y+yz}{\left(y+1\right)\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{1+2z+zx}{\left(1+x\right)\left(z+1\right)}+\frac{1+2x+xy}{\left(1+x\right)\left(y+1\right)}\)
=> \(M=\frac{\left(1+2y+yz\right)\left(1+x\right)+\left(1+2z+zx\right)\left(1+y\right)+\left(1+2x+xy\right)\left(1+z\right)}{\left(1+x\right)\left(1+y\right)\left(1+z\right)}\)
=>\(M=\frac{6+3\left(x+y+z\right)+3\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}{2+\left(x+y+z\right)+\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}=3\)
ta có xy+yz+zx=0=> \(\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)
đặt \(\frac{1}{x}=a,\frac{1}{y}=b,\frac{1}{z}=c\Rightarrow a+b+c=0\)
ta xét \(a^3+b^3+c^3-3abc=a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)+c^3-3ab-3abc\)
\(=\left(a+b\right)^3+c^3-3ab\left(a+b+c\right)=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2-ab-bc-ac\right)=0\)
=> \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) \(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}=\frac{3}{xyz}\)
=> \(M=\frac{yz}{x^2}+\frac{zx}{y^2}+\frac{xy}{z^2}=\frac{xyz}{x^3}+\frac{xyz}{y^3}+\frac{xyz}{z^3}=xyz\left(\frac{1}{x^3}+\frac{1}{y^3}+\frac{1}{z^3}\right)=xyz.\frac{3}{xyz}=3\)
=> M=3
Bạn tham khảo tại đây:
Câu hỏi của trieu dang - Toán lớp 8 - Học toán với OnlineMath
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(yz+xz+xy\right)}{xyz}=0\)
\(\Rightarrow yz+zx+xy=0\)
Ta có : \(x^2+2yz=x^2+yz+yz\)
\(=x^2+yz-zx-xy\)
\(=x\left(x-z\right)-y\left(x-z\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\)
Tương tự : \(y^2+2xz=y^2+xz+xz\)
\(=y^2+xz-xy-yz\)
\(=y\left(y-x\right)+z\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(z-y\right)\)
\(z^2+2xy=\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{xz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(z-y\right)}+\frac{xy}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\) \(M=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}-\frac{xz\left(x-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)}\)
\(M=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-y+y-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(yz-xz\right)\left(y-z\right)+\left(xy-xz\right)\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}=1\)
\(x+y+z=3\Rightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)=9\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\left(\text{vì:}x^2+y^2+z^2=9\right)\)
\(xy+yz+zx=0\Rightarrow xy=-yz-zx;yz=-xy-xz;xz=-xy-yz\)
\(P=\frac{-x\left(y+z\right)}{x^2}+\frac{-y\left(z+x\right)}{y^2}+\frac{-z\left(x+y\right)}{z}-4=\frac{y+z}{-x}+\frac{z+y}{-y}+\frac{x+y}{-z}-4\)
\(P=\frac{3}{x}+\frac{3}{y}+\frac{3}{z}-1=\frac{3yz+3xz+3xy}{xyz}-1=0-1=-1\)
\(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}=0\Leftrightarrow\frac{xy+yz+zx}{xyz}=0\Leftrightarrow xy+yz+zx=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy=-yz-zx;yz=-xy-zx;zx=-xy-yz\)
Ta có: x2+2yz=x2+yz+yz=x2+yz-xy-zx=x(x-y)-z(x-y)=(x-y)(x-z)
Tương tự: \(y^2+2xz=\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right);z^2+2xy=\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)\)
A= \(\frac{yz}{x^2+2yz}+\frac{xz}{y^2+2xz}+\frac{xy}{z^2+2xy}\)=\(\frac{yz}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{xz}{\left(y-x\right)\left(y-z\right)}+\frac{xy}{\left(z-x\right)\left(z-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)}-\frac{xz\left(x-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}+\frac{xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-z\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)}\)
\(=\frac{yz\left(y-z\right)-xz\left(x-z\right)+xy\left(x-y\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(z-x\right)}\)\(=\frac{xy\left(x-y\right)-xz\left(x-y+y-z\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{xy\left(x-y\right)-xz\left(x-y\right)-xz\left(y-z\right)+yz\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)\(=\frac{\left(xy-xz\right)\left(x-y\right)-\left(xz-yz\right)\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x\left(y-z\right)\left(x-y\right)-z\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}=\frac{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}{\left(x-y\right)\left(y-z\right)\left(x-z\right)}=1\)