xét các số thực dương x , y thoả mãn x + 4 = 6 . tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức P = \(\dfrac{1}{x}\) + \(\dfrac{1}{y}\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{4}{4y}\ge\dfrac{\left(1+2\right)^2}{x+4y}=\dfrac{9}{6}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;1\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{2}{y}\le1\Rightarrow\dfrac{2}{y}\le1-\dfrac{1}{x}\Rightarrow y\ge\dfrac{2x}{x-1}=2+\dfrac{2}{x-1}\)
\(x+\dfrac{2}{z}\le3\Rightarrow x< 3;\dfrac{2}{z}\le3-x\Rightarrow z\ge\dfrac{2}{3-x}\Rightarrow y+z\ge2+\dfrac{2}{x-1}+\dfrac{2}{3-x}\)
Lúc này ta sẽ áp dụng bất đẳng thức Bunhiacopski
Ta có:
\(6^2\le\left(y+z\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{2}\dfrac{y}{\sqrt{2}}Z\right)^2\le3\left(\dfrac{y^2}{2}+z^2\right)=\dfrac{3}{2}\left(y^2+2z^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge24\). Dấu đẳng thức xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(y=4,z=2\)
Vậy giá trị nhỏ nhật của P là 24
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(10x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}+\frac{y^2}{4}=20\)
\(=>\left(x^2+\frac{1}{x^2}\right)+\left(9x^2+\frac{y^2}{4}\right)=20\)
\(=>\left(x+\frac{1}{x}\right)^2+\left(3x+\frac{y}{2}\right)^2=20\)
Ta có \(x+\frac{1}{x}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{x.1}{x}}\ge2\)dấu = xảy ra khi x=1
=> y=6
=> MinP=6
Mình nghxi zậy
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(1\ge x+\dfrac{1}{y}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x}{y}}\Rightarrow\dfrac{x}{y}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{y}=a\Rightarrow0< a\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(P=\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{x}{y}\right)^2-\dfrac{2x}{y}+2}{\dfrac{x}{y}+1}=\dfrac{a^2-2a+2}{a+1}=\dfrac{4a^2-8a+8}{4\left(a+1\right)}=\dfrac{4a^2-13a+3+5\left(a+1\right)}{4\left(a+1\right)}\)
\(P=\dfrac{5}{4}+\dfrac{\left(1-4a\right)\left(3-a\right)}{4\left(a+1\right)}\ge\dfrac{5}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=\dfrac{1}{4}\) hay \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};2\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(x+y+2xy=\dfrac{15}{2}\)\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{15}{2}\le\left(x+y\right)+\dfrac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y\right)^2+2\left(x+y\right)-15\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+y+5\right)\left(x+y-3\right)\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y\ge3\) (vì \(x+y+5>0\) với mọi x,y dương)
\(\Rightarrow P_{min}=3\)
Dấu = xảy ra <=> \(x=y=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(K=\left(4xy+\dfrac{1}{4xy}\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\dfrac{1}{2xy}\right)+\dfrac{5}{4xy}\)
\(K\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{4xy}{4xy}}+\dfrac{4}{x^2+y^2+2xy}+\dfrac{5}{\left(x+y\right)^2}\ge2+4+5=11\)
\(K_{min}=11\) khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(P=\dfrac{x+2y}{2xy}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}=\dfrac{x+2y}{4}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}\)
\(P=\dfrac{x+2y}{16}+\dfrac{1}{x+2y}+\dfrac{3\left(x+2y\right)}{16}\)
\(P\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{x+2y}{16\left(x+2y\right)}}+\dfrac{3}{16}.2\sqrt{2xy}=\dfrac{5}{4}\)
\(P_{min}=\dfrac{5}{4}\) khi \(\left(x;y\right)=\left(2;1\right)\)