Dùng khí CO để khử hoàn toàn hh gồm PbO và CuO thu được 2,07g Pb và 1,6g Cu. Hãy tính: a) khối lượng hh oxit ban đầu b) VCO đã dùng
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\(n_{Pb}=\dfrac{2,07}{207}=0,01mol\)
\(n_{Cu}=\dfrac{1,6}{64}=0,025mol\)
\(PbO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Pb+H_2O\)
0,01 0,01 0,01 ( mol )
\(CuO+H_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)Cu+H_2O\)
0,025 0,025 0,025 ( mol )
\(m_{hh}=m_{PbO}+m_{CuO}=\left(0,01.223\right)+\left(0,025.80\right)=4,23g\)
\(V_{H_2}=\left(0,01+0,025\right).22,4=0,784l\)
\(n_{Pb}=\dfrac{2,07}{207}=0,01\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Cu}=\dfrac{1,6}{64}=0,025\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:PbO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Pb+H_2O\\ Mol:0,01\leftarrow0,01\leftarrow0,01\\ CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\\ Mol:0,025\leftarrow0,025\leftarrow0,025\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=0,025.80=2\left(g\right)\\m_{PbO}=0,01.223=2,23\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow m_{oxit}=2+2,23=4,23\left(g\right)\\ V_{H_2}=\left(0,01+0,025\right).22,4=0,784\left(l\right)\)
\(Đặt:n_{CuO}=a\left(mol\right);n_{PbO}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1,35}{18}=0,075\left(mol\right)\\ CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}Cu+H_2O\\ PbO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{to}}Pb+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80a+223b=8,145\\a+b=0,075\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,06\\b=0,015\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,06.80}{8,145}.100\approx58,932\%\\ \Rightarrow\%_{PbO}\approx41,068\%\)
Bài 1:
a) PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+2H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
b) Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=20\cdot80\%=16\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=20-16=4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{16}{160}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=3n_{Fe_2O_3}+n_{CuO}=0,35\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=0,35\cdot22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\)
c) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=2n_{Fe_2O_3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,05\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{hhB}=m_{Fe}+m_{Cu}=0,2\cdot56+0,05\cdot64=14,4\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2:
PTHH: \(Fe_2O_3+3H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2Fe+3H_2O\)
\(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
a) Vì khối lượng Cu bằng \(\dfrac{6}{5}\) khối lượng Fe
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=\dfrac{26,4}{6+5}\cdot6=14,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Fe}=26,4-14,4=12\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Cu}=\dfrac{14,4}{64}=0,225\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=\dfrac{12}{56}=\dfrac{3}{14}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Fe}+n_{Cu}=\dfrac{9}{28}+0,225=\dfrac{153}{280}\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow V_{H_2}=\dfrac{153}{280}\cdot22,4=12,24\left(l\right)\)
b) Theo các PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{Fe}=\dfrac{3}{28}\left(mol\right)\\n_{CuO}=n_{Cu}=0,225\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{3}{28}\cdot160\approx17,14\left(g\right)\\m_{CuO}=0,225\cdot80=18\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow m_{hh}=35,14\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{17,14}{35,14}\cdot100\%\approx48,78\%\\\%m_{CuO}=51,22\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2.2,5=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+CO\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+CO_2\uparrow\)
\(Fe_2O_3+CO\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeO+CO_2\uparrow\)
\(CO+PbO\underrightarrow{t^o}CO_2\uparrow+Pb\)
\(FeO+CO\underrightarrow{t^o}Fe+CO_2\uparrow\)
--> Hh kim loại Y là Cu , Pb , FeO , Fe
hh khí Z sau p/u là CO2
\(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\)
trc p/u : 0,5 0,3
p/u : 0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3
sau : 0,3 0,2 0 0,3
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{30}{100}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CO_2}=0,3.44=13,2\left(g\right)\)
Áp dụng định luật bảo toàn khổi lượng :
\(m_Y=53,5-13,2=40,3\left(g\right)\)
PTHH: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\) (1)
\(PbO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Pb+H_2O\) (2)
Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{1,8}{18}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của CuO là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2O\left(1\right)}=a\)
Gọi số mol của PbO là b \(\Rightarrow n_{H_2O\left(2\right)}=b\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b=0,1\\80a+223b=108,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\) Hệ có nghiệm âm
Bạn xem lại đề !!
\(CuO+CO\rightarrow Cu+CO_2\)
..x..........x.........................
\(PbO+CO\rightarrow Pb+CO_2\)
..y........y........................
- Theo bài ra ta có hệ : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80x+223y=3,83\\x+y=0,03\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\\y=0,01\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=1,6\\m_{PbO}=2,23\end{matrix}\right.\) ( g )
b, \(n_K=n_{CO_2}=x+y=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V=0,672\left(l\right)\)
c, \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+CO_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
........................0,03........0,03.............
\(\Rightarrow m_{kt}=3\left(g\right)\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{PbO}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(m_{CuO}+m_{PbO}=3,83\\ \Rightarrow80x+223y=3,83\left(1\right)\)
\(PTHH:CuO+CO\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+CO_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)......x\rightarrow..x....x.....x\\ PTHH:PbO+CO\underrightarrow{t^o}Pb+CO_2\uparrow\\ \left(mol\right)......y\rightarrow..y....y.....y\\ n_{CO}=\dfrac{0,84}{28}=0,03\\ \Rightarrow x+y=0,03\left(2\right)\)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có hpt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}80x+223y=3,83\\x+y=0,03\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giải hpt ta được \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,02\\y=0,01\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(a,\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CuO}=80.0,02=1,6\left(g\right)\\m_{PbO}=3,83-1,6=2,23\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,V_{CO_2}=\left(x+y\right).22,4=\left(0,02+0,01\right).22,4=0,672\left(l\right)\)
\(c,n_{CO_2}=x+y=0,02+0,01=0,03\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:Ca\left(OH\right)_2+CO_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\\ \left(mol\right)................0,03\rightarrow0,03\\ m_{CaCO_3}=0,03.100=3\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{giảm}=m_{Ca\left(OH\right)_2}-m_{H_2O}=6,72\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{giảm}=\dfrac{6,72}{74-18}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ---> CaCO3 + H2O
Theo pthh: \(n_{giảm}=n_{CO_2}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: FexOy + yCO --to--> xFe + yCO2
Bảo toàn O: \(n_{CO}=n_{CO_2}=n_{O\left(oxit\right)}=0,12\left(mol\right)\)
\(\rightarrow n_{Fe}=\dfrac{6,96-0,12.16}{56}=0,09\left(mol\right)\)
CTHH: FexOy
=> x : y = 0,09 : 0,12 = 3 : 4
=> Oxit đó là Fe3O4
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{AgNO_3}=0,1.1,2=0,12\left(mol\right)\\n_{Cu\left(NO_3\right)_2}=0,1.0,6=0,06\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
PTHH:
Fe + 2AgNO3 ---> Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag
0,06 0,12 0,12
Fe + Cu(NO3)2 ---> Fe(NO3)2 + Cu
0,03 0,03
\(m=0,12.108+0,03.64=14,88\left(g\right)\)
Bài 2
Gọi x, y là số mol củaCuO và ZnOmol HCl=3.0,1=0,3mol(100ml=0,1l)
CuO+2HCl->CuCl2+H2O (1)
xmol 2xmol
ZnO+2HCl->ZnCl2+H2O(2)
ymol 2ymol
Từ 1 và 2 ta co hệ phương trình
2x+2y=0,3 ->x=0,05=molCuO
80x+81y=12,1 ->y=0,1=molZnO
=>mCuO=0,05.80=4g
->%CuO=(4.100)/12,1=33,075%
->%ZnO=100-33,075=66,943%
b. CuO+H2SO4->CuSO4+H2O (3)
Theo ptpu 3 taco nH2SO4=nCuO=0,05 mol
ZnO+H2SO4->ZnSO4+H2O (4)
Theo ptpu 4 ta co nH2SO4=nZnO=0,1mol
=>nH2SO4=0.05+0,1=0,15mol
->mH2SO4=0,15.98=14,7g
=>mddH2SO4=(14,7.100)/20=73,5g
Bài 1
a/. Phương trình phản ứng hoá học:
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b/. nH2 = V/22,4 = 3,36/22,4 = 0,15 (mol)
....... Fe.....+ 2HCl --> Fecl2 + H2
TPT 1 mol....2 mol.................1 mol
TDB x mol....y mol................0,15 mol
nFe = x = (0,15x1)/1 = 0,15 (mol)
mFe = n x M = 0,15 x 56 = 8,4 (g)
c/. nHCl = y = (0,15x2)/1 = 0,3 (mol)
CMHCl = n/V = 0,3/0,05 = 6 (M)
a) Gọi số mol H2 là x
=> \(n_{H_2O}=x\left(mol\right)\)
Theo ĐLBTKL: \(m_A+m_{H_2}=m_B+m_{H_2O}\)
=> 200 + 2x = 156 + 18x
=> x = 2,75 (mol)
=> \(V_{H_2}=2,75.22,4=61,6\left(l\right)\)
b) Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CuO}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe_2O_3}=1,5a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Al_2O_3}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 80a + 240a + 102b = 200
=> 320a + 102b = 200
PTHH: CuO + H2 --to--> Cu + H2O
a---------------->a
Fe2O3 + 3H2 --to--> 2Fe + 3H2O
1,5a------------------>3a
=> 64a + 168a + 102b = 156
=> 232a + 102b = 156
=> a = 0,5; b = \(\dfrac{20}{51}\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{CuO}=\dfrac{0,5.80}{200}.100\%=20\%\\\%m_{Fe_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,75.160}{200}.100\%=60\%\\\%m_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{\dfrac{20}{51}.102}{200}.100\%=20\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,75}{5}=0,55\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{FeO\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{36}{72}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol FeO phản ứng là t (mol)
PTHH: FeO + H2 --to--> Fe + H2O
t--------------->t
=> 56t + (0,5-t).72 = 29,6
=> t = 0,4 (mol)
=> \(H\%=\dfrac{0,4}{0,5}.100\%=80\%\)
PTHH:CuO+COto→Cu+CO2(1)(1)
PbO+COto→Pb+CO2(2)
Theo(1) nCuO=nCu=1,664=0,025(mol)
mCuO=0,025.80=2g
Theo(2) nPbO=nPb=\(\dfrac{2,07}{207}\)=0,01mol
mPbO=0,01.223=2,23g
b) Theo(1) và (2): ΣnCO=nCu+nPb=0,025+0,01=0,035mol
ΣVCO=0,035.22,4=0,784lit