Bài 5: đốt cháy hoàn toàn 18,4 gam C2H5OH.
a.Tính thể tích không khí cần có ?(ĐKTC).
b/ Dẫn toàn bộ sản phẩm cháy vào dd Ca(OH)2 dư tính khối lượng kết tủa thu được?
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
a, \(n_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PT: \(C_2H_4+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2+2H_2O\)
\(CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_{3\downarrow}+H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=2n_{C_2H_4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,1.100=10\left(g\right)\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{O_2}=3n_{C_2H_4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{kk}=\dfrac{V_{O_2}}{20\%}=16,8\left(l\right)\)
nCO2=8,96/22,4=0,4 mol
=> nC=nCO2=0,4 mol
mC=0,4.12=4,8g
=> mH=5,8-4,8=1g
nH=1 mol -> nH2O=0,5
nH=0,5 mol
Pt: CnH2n+2 + (3n+1/2)O2-> nCO2 + (n+1)H2O
0,4 0,5 mol
=> n/0,4=n+1/0,5 -> n=4
Vậy cthh cần tìm là C4H10
\(n_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{8,96}{22,4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ PTHH:C_2H_4+3O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CO_2+2H_2O\\ n_{O_2}=3.0,4=1,2\left(mol\right);n_{CO_2}=0,4.2=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=22,4.1,2=26,88\left(l\right)\\ b,V_{kk\left(đktc\right)}=\dfrac{100}{20}.26,88=134,4\left(l\right)\\ c,CO_2+Ca\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow\left(trắng\right)+H_2O\\ n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=0,8\left(mol\right)\\ m_{kết.tủa}=m_{CaCO_3}=100.0,8=80\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overline{M}_{hhkhí}=0,6\cdot29=17,4\\n_{hhkhí}=\dfrac{3,36}{22.4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Theo phương pháp đường chéo: \(\dfrac{n_{CH_4}}{n_{C_2H_4}}=\dfrac{53}{7}\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_4}=0,1325\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_2H_4}=0,0175\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bảo toàn nguyên tố: \(\Sigma n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CH_4}+2n_{C_2H_4}=0,1675\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CaCO_3}=0,1675\cdot100=16,75\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{C_2H_4}=\dfrac{4,958}{24,79}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(C_2H_4+3O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}2CO_2+2H_2O\)
0,2---->0,6---->0,4---->0,4
\(\Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,6.24,79=14,874\left(l\right)\)
b) \(V_{CO_2}=0,4.22,4=9,916\left(l\right)\)
c) \(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+CO_2\rightarrow CaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O\)
0,4------>0,4
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=m_{CaCO_3}=0,4.100=40\left(g\right)\\y=m_{b\text{ình}.t\text{ăng}}=m_{CO_2}+m_{H_2O}=0,4.44+0,4.18=24,8\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{7,5}{100}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
=> nC = 0,075 (mol)
Có \(n_{CO_2}=n_C=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{4,2-0,075.44}{18}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
=> nH = 0,1 (mol)
\(n_{O_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
Bảo toàn O: \(n_{O\left(A\right)}=0,075.2+0,05-0,1.2=0\left(mol\right)\)
=> A chứa C, H
mA = mC + mH = 0,075.12 + 0,1.1 = 1 (g)
\(m_{tăng}=m_{H_2O}+m_{CO_2}=4,2\left(g\right)\\ n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{7,5}{100}=0,075\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Ca(OH)2 + CO2 ---> CaCO3 + H2O
0,075 0,075
\(\rightarrow m_{CO_2}=0,075.44=3,3\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow m_{H_2O}=4,2-3,3=0,9\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{0,9}{18}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow n_{O\left(sau.pư\right)}=0,05+0,075.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{O\left(trong.O_2\right)}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_C=0,075\left(mol\right)\\n_H=0,05.2=0,1\left(mol\right)\\n_O=0,1-0,1=0\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> mA = 0,075.12 + 0,1.1 + 0 = 1 (g)
Quy đổi C4H4 thành C2H2
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{20}{100}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2C2H2 + 5O2 --to--> 4CO2 + 2H2O
0,1<--0,25<--------0,2
Ca(OH)2 + CO2 --> CaCO3 + H2O
0,2<------0,2
=> \(m_X=0,1.26=2,6\left(g\right)\)
\(V_{O_2}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{hh}=\dfrac{V_{hh}}{22,4}=\dfrac{1,68}{22,4}=0,075mol\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CH_4}=x\\n_{C_2H_4}=y\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2\left(CH_4\right)}=x\\n_{CO_2\left(C_2H_4\right)}=2y\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{m_{CaCO_3}}{M_{CaCO_3}}=\dfrac{10}{100}=0,1mol\)
\(Ca\left(OH\right)_2+CO_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+H_2O\)
x+2y x+2y ( mol )
Ta có:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}22,4x+22,4y=1,68\\x+2y=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,05\\y=0,025\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\%CH_4=\dfrac{0,05}{0,075}.100=66,66\%\)
\(\%C_2H_4=100\%-66,66\%=33,34\%\)
\(m_{CH_4}=0,05.16=0,8g\)
\(m_{C_2H_4}=0,025.28=0,7g\)
$a\big)$
$n_{C_2H_5OH}=\frac{18,4}{46}=0,4(mol)$
$C_2H_5OH+3O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2CO_2+3H_2O$
Theo PT: $n_{O_2}=3n_{C_2H_5OH}=1,2(mol)$
$\to V_{kk}=1,2.5.22,4=134,4(l)$
$b\big)$
$CO_2+Ca(OH)_2\to CaCO_3\downarrow+H_2O$
Theo PT: $n_{CaCO_3}=n_{CO_2}=2n_{C_2H_5OH}=0,8(mol)$
$\to m_{\downarrow}=m_{CaCO_3}=0,8.100=80(g)$