cho a+b+c=0 và a^2+b^2+c^2=14 tính a^8+b^8+c^8
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a) Ta có: \(A\left(x\right)=ax^2+bx+c\)
Thay \(A\left(-1\right)\) ta được:
\(A\left(-1\right)=a\left(-1\right)^2+b\left(-1\right)+c=a+c-b\)
\(=b-8-b=-8\)
b) \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}A\left(0\right)=4\\A\left(1\right)=9\\A\left(2\right)=14\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=4\\a+b+c=9\\4a+2b+c=14\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=4\\a+b=5\\4a+2b=10\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=4\\a+b=5\\2a+b=5\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}c=4\\a=0\\b=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
c)
Ta có: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}A\left(2\right)=4a+2b+c\\A\left(-1\right)=a-b+c\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\left(2\right)+A\left(-1\right)=5a+b+2c=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\left(2\right)=-A\left(-1\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\left(2\right)\times A\left(-1\right)=-\left[A\left(2\right)\right]^2\le0\)
Làm sao ra được \(6^a\) vậy ạ? \(8^a-2^a=2^a\left(2^{2a}-1\right)\)???
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2^a=x>0\\2^b=y>0\\2^c=z>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow xyz=2^a.2^b.2^c=2^{a+b+c}=1\)
BĐT cần c/m trở thành: \(x^3+y^3+z^3\ge x+y+z\) với \(xyz=1\)
Ta có:
\(x^3+1+1\ge3x\) ; \(y^3+1+1\ge3y\) ; \(z^3+1+1\ge3z\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3+y^3+z^3\ge\left(x+y+z\right)+2\left(x+y+z\right)-6\ge x+y+z+6-6=x+y+z\)
Theo hệ quả của bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^2}{2}+\dfrac{b^2}{c}+\dfrac{c^2}{c}\ge\dfrac{ab}{2}+\dfrac{bc}{2}+\dfrac{ca}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2-\dfrac{a^2}{2}+b^2-\dfrac{b^2}{2}+c^2-\dfrac{c^2}{2}\ge\dfrac{ab}{2}+\dfrac{bc}{2}+\dfrac{ca}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a\right)^2}{4}\) (1)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\ge2\sqrt{a^2b^2}=2ab\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4ab\)
Tương tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4bc\\\left(c+a\right)^2\ge4ca\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+b\right)^2c+\left(a+b\right)^2\ge4abc+\left(a+b\right)^2\\\left(b+c\right)^2a+\left(b+c\right)^2\ge4abc+\left(b+c\right)^2\\\left(c+a\right)^2b+\left(c+a\right)^2\ge4abc+\left(c+a\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+1\right)\ge4abc+\left(a+b\right)^2\\\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+1\right)\ge4abc+\left(b+c\right)^2\\\left(c+a\right)^2\left(b+1\right)\ge4abc+\left(c+a\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}\le\dfrac{8}{4abc+\left(a+b\right)^2}\\\dfrac{8}{\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+1\right)}\le\dfrac{8}{4abc+\left(b+c\right)^2}\\\dfrac{8}{\left(c+a\right)^2\left(b+1\right)}\le\dfrac{8}{4abc+\left(c+a\right)^2}\end{matrix}\right.\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}+\dfrac{8}{\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{8}{\left(c+a\right)^2\left(b+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a^2\right)}{4}\) (3)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{2}{c+1}}=\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(c+1\right)}}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{8}{\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(b+c\right)^2}{4}\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(a+1\right)}}\\\dfrac{8}{\left(c+a\right)^2\left(b+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(c+a\right)^2}{4}\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(b+1\right)}}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2\left(c+1\right)}+\dfrac{8}{\left(b+c\right)^2\left(a+1\right)}+\dfrac{8}{\left(c+a\right)^2\left(b+1\right)}+\dfrac{\left(a+b\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2+\left(c+a^2\right)}{4}\ge\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(c+1\right)}}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(a+1\right)}}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(b+1\right)}}\)(4)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy - Schwarz
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{2\left(c+1\right)}\le\dfrac{c+3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(c+1\right)}}\ge\dfrac{8}{c+3}\)
Tượng tự ta có \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(a+1\right)}}\ge\dfrac{8}{a+3}\\\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(b+1\right)}}\ge\dfrac{8}{b+3}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(c+1\right)}}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(a+1\right)}}+\dfrac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(b+1\right)}}\ge\dfrac{8}{a+3}+\dfrac{8}{b+3}+\dfrac{8}{c+3}\) (5)
Từ điều (3) , (4) , (5)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{8}{\left(a+b\right)^2+4abc}+\dfrac{8}{\left(b+c\right)^2+4abc}+\dfrac{8}{\left(c+a\right)^2+4abc}+a^2+b^2+c^2\ge\dfrac{8}{a+3}+\dfrac{8}{b+3}+\dfrac{8}{c+3}\) ( đpcm )
Ta có:
Tập hợp A:
\(A=\left\{1;2;3;5;8\right\}\)
Tập hợp B:
\(B=\left\{-1;0;1;5;9\right\}\)
Mà: \(A\cup B\)
\(\Rightarrow A\cup B=\left\{-1;0;1;2;3;5;8;9\right\}\)
⇒ Chọn B