Cho 5,4 gam Al tác dụng hết với dd axit sunfuric loãng
a) Viết PTHH xảy ra.
b) Tính khối lượng muối thu được.
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Ta có: \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{28}{56}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
a, PT: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
______0,5____0,5_____0,5_____0,5 (mol)
b, mH2SO4 = 0,5.98 = 49 (g)
c, mFeSO4 = 0,5.152 = 76 (g)
d, \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
____0,5__0,5 (mol)
⇒ mCu = 0,5.64 = 32 (g)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a) \(n_{SO_3}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: `SO_3 + H_2O -> H_2SO_4`
b) Theo PTHH: `n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{SO_3} = 0,4 (mol)`
`=> m_{H_2SO_4} = 0,4.98 = 39,2 (g)`
2Al + 3H2SO4 -----> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
nAl = 7,1/27 = 71/270 ( mol)
=> nH2 = 71/180 ( mol)
=> VH2= 8,86 lit
=> m muối=71\540 .342=44,967g
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{7,1}{27}=\dfrac{71}{270}\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
\(\dfrac{71}{270}\) \(\dfrac{71}{540}\) \(\dfrac{71}{180}\)
\(V_{H_2}=\dfrac{71}{540}.22,4=3l\\
m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=342.\dfrac{71}{180}=134,9g\)
\(\left(a\right)2Al+3H_2O\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ \left(b\right)n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13,44}{22,4}=0,6mol\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,6.2}{3}=0,4mol\\ m_{Al}=0,4.27=10,8g\\ \left(c\right)n_{O_2}=\dfrac{4,8}{32}=0,15mol\\ 4Al+3O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2Al_2O_3\\ \Rightarrow\dfrac{0,4}{4}>\dfrac{0,15}{3}\Rightarrow Al.dư\\ n_{Al_2O_3}=\dfrac{0,15.2}{3}=0,1mol\\ m_{oxit}=m_{Al_2O_3}=0,1.102=10,2g\)
a: \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow1Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
0,4 0,6 0,2 0,6
b: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{13.44}{22.4}=0.6\left(mol\right)\)
=>\(n_{Al}=0.4\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Al}=0.4\cdot27=10.8\left(g\right)\)
c: \(4Al+3O_2\rightarrow2Al_2O_3\)
0,4 0,2
\(m_{Al_2O_3}=0.2\left(27\cdot2+16\cdot3\right)=0.2\cdot102=20.4\left(g\right)\)
a) \(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
b) \(n_{H_2\left(1\right)}=n_{Mg}=\dfrac{4,8}{24}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=\dfrac{3}{2}.\dfrac{2,7}{27}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V=\left(0,2+0,15\right).22,4=7,84\left(l\right)\)
c) \(n_{H_2SO_4\left(1\right)}=n_{Mg}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2SO_4\left(2\right)}=\dfrac{3}{2}n_{Al}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,35.98}{20\%}=171,5\left(g\right)\)
d) \(m_{ddsaupu}=4,8+2,7+171,5-0,35.2=178,3\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{MgSO_4}=\dfrac{120.0,1}{178,3}.100=6,73\%\)
\(C\%_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{342.0,05}{178,3}.100=9,59\%\)
a,Mg+H2SO4-> MgSO4 +H2
2Al +3H2SO4 -> Al2(SO4)3 +3H2
b, n(Mg)=0,2mol
n(Al)=0,1mol
Số mol H2SO4=số mol H2= 0,2+ 0,1*3/2 =0,35mol
V(H2)= 7,84lit
c, MgSO4: m=0,2*120=24(g)
Al2(SO4)3 : m=342*0,05= 17,1(g)
d, khối lượng H2SO4= 0,35*98=34,3(g)
Khối lượng dd H2SO4 là:
m(dd)=34,3*100/20 = 171,5(g)
e,khối lượng dd sau pứ
m= m(Mg) +m(Al) + m(dd H2SO4) -m(H2) = 4,8+2,7+171,5-0,35*2=178,3(g)
C%(MgSO4)= 24*100%/178,3 =13,46%
C%(Al2SO4)3 = 17,1*100%/178,3 =9,59%
Câu 4 :
Vì bạc không tác dụng với axit sunfuric loãng :
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{0,224}{22,4}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
a) Pt : \(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2|\)
1 1 1 1
0,01 0,01 0,01
b) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,0.1}{1}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Zn}=0,01.65=0,65\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Ag}=1,73-0,65=1,08\left(g\right)\)
0/0Zn = \(\dfrac{0,65.100}{1,73}=37,57\)0/0
0/0Ag = \(\dfrac{1,08.100}{1,73}=62,43\)0/0
c) \(n_{ZnSO4}=\dfrac{0,01.1}{1}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{ZnSO4}=0,01.161=1,61\left(g\right)\)
Chúc bạn học tốt
\(nMg=\dfrac{12}{24}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(nH_2SO_4=\dfrac{29,4}{98}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(Mg+H_2SO_4\rightarrow MgSO_4+H_2\)
1 1 1 1 (mol)
0,3 0,3 0,3 0,3 (mol)
LTL : 0,5/1 > 0,3/1
=> Mg dư , H2SO4 đủ
\(VH_2=0,3.22,4=6,72\left(l\right)\)
m muối là mMgSO4
=> \(m\left(muối\right)=mMgSO_4=0,3.120=36\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2mol\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,1
\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=0,1\cdot342=34,2g\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{5,4}{27}=0,2\left(mol\right) \)
\(pthh:2Al+3H_2SO_{\text{ 4 }}->Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,1
=>\(m_{Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_4}=0,1.342=34,2\left(g\right)\)