chứng tỏ: A=31 + 32 + 33 +.....+ 360 chia hết cho 13
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\(A=3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^4\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{58}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\)
\(=3.13+3^4.13+...+3^{58}.13=13\left(3+3^4+...+3^{58}\right)⋮13\)
\(A=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+\left(3^{58}+3^{59}+3^{60}\right)\\ A=3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{58}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\\ A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)\left(3+...+3^{58}\right)\\ A=13\left(3+...+3^{58}\right)⋮13\)
\(M=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+...+\left(2^{17}+2^{18}+2^{19}+2^{20}\right)\\ M=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)+...+2^{16}\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)\\ M=\left(2+2^2+2^3+2^4\right)\left(1+...+2^{16}\right)\\ M=30\left(1+...+2^{16}\right)⋮5\)
a) B\(=\) 3 + 32 + 33 + ... + 360
\(=\)(3+32)+(33+34)+...+(359+360)
\(=\)3(1+3)+33(1+3)+...+359(1+3)
\(=\)(3+1)(3+33+...+359)
\(=\)4(3+33+...+359)⋮4
⇒B⋮4
b) B\(=\)(3+32+33)+...+(358+359+360)
\(=\)30(3+32+33)+...+357(358+359+360)
\(=\)3+32+33(30+33+36+...+357)
\(=\)39(30+33+36+...+357)⋮13
⇒ B⋮13
\(B=3^0+3^1+3^2...+3^{100}\)
\(=3^0\times\left(1+3^1+3^2\right)+3^3\times\left(1+3^1+3^2\right)+...+3^{98}\times\left(1+3^1+3^2\right)\)
\(=3^0\times13+3^3\times13+...+3^{98}\times13\)
\(=13\times\left(3^0+3^3+...+3^{98}\right)⋮13\)
\(3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{60}\\ =\left(3+3^2+3^3+3^4\right)=\left(3^5+3^6+3^7+3^8\right)+...+\left(3^{57}+3^{58}+3^{59}+3^{60}\right)\\ =3\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+3^5\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^{57}\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\\ =3.40+3^5.40+...+3^{57}.40\\ =\left(3+3^5+...+3^{57}\right).40⋮5\left(Vì:40⋮5\right)\)
\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{60}\)
\(A=3\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^{57}\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\)
\(A=3.40+...+3^{57}.40\)
\(A=40\left(3+3^5...+3^{57}\right)\)
mà \(40⋮5\)
\(\Rightarrow A⋮5\left(dpcm\right)\)
b) B\(=\)(3+32+33)+...+(358+359+360)
\(=\)30(3+32+33)+...+357(358+359+360)
\(=\)3+32+33(30+33+36+...+357)
\(=\)39(30+33+36+...+357)⋮13
⇒ B⋮13
\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{60}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(3+3^2+3^3+3^4\right)+\left(3^5+3^6+3^7+3^8\right)+...+\left(3^{57}+3^{58}+3^{59}+3^{60}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=3\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+3^5\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)+...+3^{57}\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(3+3^5+...+3^{57}\right)\left(1+3+3^2+3^3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow A=40\left(3+3^5+...+3^{57}\right)⋮40\)
\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{99}\\ \Rightarrow A=\left(3+3^2+3^3\right)+\left(3^4+3^5+3^6\right)+...+\left(3^{97}+3^{98}+3^{99}\right)\\ \Rightarrow A=3\left(1+3+3^2\right)+3^4\left(1+3+3^2\right)+...+3^{97}\left(1+3+3^2\right)\\ \Rightarrow A=\left(1+3+3^2\right)\left(3+3^4+...+3^{97}\right)\\ \Rightarrow A=13\left(3+3^4+...+3^{97}\right)⋮13\)
\(A=3+3^2+3^3+...+3^{99}\\ 3A-A=3^{99}-1\\ A=\dfrac{3^{99}-1}{2}\)
3(1+3+9)+3^4(1+3+9)+......+3^58(1+3+9) mỗi số hạng chia hết cho 13 nên tổng chia hết cho 13