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23 chuyên đề giải 1001 bài toán sơ cấp ,mk nhớ có trog quyển này
\(P=\left(\dfrac{-1}{2}-\dfrac{3}{5}\right):\left(-3\right)+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{6}:2\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{3}{5}\right):3+\dfrac{1}{3}-\dfrac{1}{12}\)
\(=\dfrac{11}{10}\cdot\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(=\dfrac{11}{30}+\dfrac{1}{4}=\dfrac{22}{60}+\dfrac{15}{60}=\dfrac{37}{60}\)
\(Q=\left(\dfrac{2}{25}-\dfrac{126}{125}\right)\cdot\dfrac{7}{4}:\left[\dfrac{-119}{36}\cdot\dfrac{36}{17}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{-116}{125}\cdot\dfrac{7}{4}:\left(-7\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{116}{125}\cdot\dfrac{7}{4}\cdot\dfrac{1}{7}=\dfrac{29}{125}\)
\(P=\left(-0,5-\frac{3}{5}\right):\left(-3\right)+\frac{1}{3}-\left(-\frac{1}{6}\right):\left(-2\right)\)
\(P=\left(-1,1\right):\left(-3\right)+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{6}:\left(-2\right)\)
\(P=\frac{11}{30}+\frac{1}{3}+\left(-\frac{1}{12}\right)\)
\(P=\frac{37}{60}\)
\(Q=\left(\frac{2}{25}-1,008\right):\frac{4}{7}:\left[\left(3\frac{1}{4}-6\frac{5}{9}\right).2\frac{2}{17}\right]\)
\(Q=\left(-0,928\right):\frac{4}{7}:\left[\left(-\frac{119}{36}\right).2\frac{2}{17}\right]\)
\(Q=\left(-1,624\right):\left(-\frac{245}{36}\right)\)
\(Q=\frac{1044}{4375}\)
a/ Ta có
\(K^4+\frac{1}{4}=K^4+K^2+\frac{1}{4}-K^2=\left(K^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-K^2=\left(K^2+K+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(K^2-K+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
Ta lại có
\(K^2+K+\frac{1}{2}=\left(K+1\right)^2-\left(K+1\right)+\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow K^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(K^2-K+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(\left(K+1\right)^2-\left(K+1\right)+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
Áp dụng vào bài toán ta được
\(=\frac{101^2-101+0,5}{1^2-1+0,5}=20201\)\(1S=\frac{\left(2^2-2+0,5\right)\left(3^2-3+0,5\right)\left(4^2-4+0,5\right)\left(5^2-5+0,5\right)...\left(100^2-100+0,5\right)\left(101^2-101+0,5\right)}{\left(1^2-1+0,5\right)\left(2^2-2+0,5\right)\left(3^2-3+0,5\right)\left(4^2-4+0,5\right)...\left(99^2-99+0,5\right)\left(100^2-100+0,5\right)}\)
b/
\(\frac{3\left(x+y\right)}{3\sqrt{x\left(4x+5y\right)}+3\sqrt{y\left(4y+5x\right)}}\)
\(\ge\frac{3\left(x+y\right)}{\frac{9x+4x+5y}{2}+\frac{9y+4y+5x}{2}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{3}\)
Dấu = xảy ra khi x = y
Với mọi n thuộc N* ta có :
\(n^4+\frac{1}{4}=\left(n^4+2.\frac{1}{2}.n^2+\frac{1}{4}\right)-n^2=\left(n^2+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2-n^2\)
\(=\left(n^2+n+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(n^2-n+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow N=\frac{\left(2^2+2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(2^2-2+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(2008^2+2008+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(2008^2-2008+\frac{1}{2}\right)}{\left(1^2+1+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1^2-1+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(2007^2+2007+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(2007^2-2007+\frac{1}{2}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(2.3+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(1.2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(3.4+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(2008.2009+\frac{1}{2}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}\left(1.2+\frac{1}{2}\right)\left(2.3+\frac{1}{2}\right)...\left(2007.2008+\frac{1}{2}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{2008.2009+\frac{1}{2}}{\frac{1}{2}}=8068145\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh với \(n\ge1\)thì \(P_n=\left(1-\frac{4}{1}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{25}\right)...\left(1-\frac{4}{\left(2n-1\right)^2}\right)=\frac{-2n-1}{2n-1}\)
Với \(n=1\)mệnh đề đúng vì \(1-4=-3=\frac{-2.1-1}{2.1-1}\)
Giả sử mệnh đề đúng với \(n=k\)tức là \(\left(1-\frac{4}{1}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{25}\right)...\left(1-\frac{4}{\left(2k-1\right)^2}\right)=\frac{-2k-1}{2k-1}\)
Ta sẽ chứng minh mệnh đề đúng với \(n=k+1\)tức là chứng minh \(\left(1-\frac{4}{1}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{25}\right)...\left(1-\frac{4}{\left(2k+1\right)^2}\right)=\frac{-\left(2k+3\right)}{2k+1}\)
Thật vậy \(\left(1-\frac{4}{1}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{9}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{25}\right)...\left(1-\frac{4}{\left(2k-1\right)^2}\right)\left(1-\frac{4}{\left(2k+1\right)^2}\right)=\frac{-2k-1}{2k-1}.\frac{\left(2k-1\right)\left(2k+3\right)}{\left(2k+1\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{-\left(2k+1\right)}{2k-1}.\frac{\left(2k-1\right)\left(2k+3\right)}{\left(2k+1\right)^2}=\frac{-\left(2k+3\right)}{2k+1}.\)
Theo nguyên lý quy nạp, mệnh đề đúng với mọi \(n\ge1\)