chứng minh 1/(2\(\sqrt{n+1}\)) < \(\sqrt{n+1}\)- \(\sqrt{n}\)với n là số tự nhiên.
Áp dụng chứng minh 1+1/\(\sqrt{2}\)+1/\(\sqrt{3}\)+...+1\(\sqrt{2500}\)<100
Hãy nhập câu hỏi của bạn vào đây, nếu là tài khoản VIP, bạn sẽ được ưu tiên trả lời.
\(a,\sqrt{22-12\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{6+4\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{\left(3\sqrt{2}-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\\ =3\sqrt{2}-2+2+\sqrt{2}=4\sqrt{2}\\ b,\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n+1}}{n-n-1}\\ =\dfrac{\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n+1}}{-1}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
a) \(\sqrt{22-12\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt{6+4\sqrt{2}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(3\sqrt{2}-2\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(2+\sqrt{2}\right)^2}\)
\(=3\sqrt{2}-2+2+\sqrt{2}=4\sqrt{2}\)
b) \(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{n+1-n}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Lời giải:
Liên hợp ta thấy:
\(2(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})=2.\frac{(n+1)-n}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}<\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}(1)\)
\(2(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})=2.\frac{n-(n-1)}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}(2)\)
Từ \((1);(2)\Rightarrow 2(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1})\)
------------------------
Áp dụng vào bài toán:
\(S=1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{100}}>1+2(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+2(\sqrt{4}-\sqrt{3})+...+2(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{100})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S>1+2(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{2})>18(*)\)
Và:
\(S< 1+2(\sqrt{2}-\sqrt{1})+2(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2})+....+2(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{99})\)
\(\Leftrightarrow S< 1+2(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1})=19(**)\)
Từ $(*); (**)$ suy ra $18< S< 19$ (đpcm)
Đặt:
\(A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2A=\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{5}+\sqrt{7}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}\)
\(>\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}+\sqrt{5}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{97}+\sqrt{99}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{99}+\sqrt{101}}\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{1}+\sqrt{5}-\sqrt{3}+...+\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{99}\right)\)
\(=\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{101}-\sqrt{1}\right)>\frac{1}{2}.\left(\sqrt{100}-\sqrt{1}\right)\)
\(=\frac{9}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>\frac{9}{4}\)
Câu 2/ Ta có:
\(n^{n+1}>\left(n+1\right)^n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow n>\left(1+\frac{1}{n}\right)^n\left(1\right)\)
Giờ ta chứng minh cái (1) đúng với mọi \(n\ge3\)
Với \(n=3\) thì dễ thấy (1) đúng.
Giả sử (1) đúng đến \(n=k\) hay
\(k>\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^k\)
Ta cần chứng minh (1) đúng với \(n=k+1\)hay \(k+1>\left(1+\frac{1}{k+1}\right)^{k+1}\)
Ta có: \(\left(1+\frac{1}{k+1}\right)^{k+1}< \left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^{k+1}=\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)^k.\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)\)
\(< k\left(1+\frac{1}{k}\right)=k+1\)
Vậy có ĐPCM
Ta có: \(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}\)
\(=\dfrac{n+1-n}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\left(1\right)\)
Ta lại có: \(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}\right)}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}\)
\(=\dfrac{n-n+1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}=\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}>\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)>\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\Rightarrow2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)< \dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}< 2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}>\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}\right)}=2\left(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\right)\left(1\right)\)
\(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}< \dfrac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}}=\dfrac{2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n-1}\right)\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)}=2\left(\sqrt{n}-\sqrt{n-1}\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right)\left(2\right)\RightarrowĐpcm\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}>\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n}}=2\sqrt{n+1}-2\sqrt{n}\)
\(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n}}< \frac{2}{\sqrt{n-1}+\sqrt{n}}=2\sqrt{n}-2\sqrt{n-1}\)
suy ra dpcm
Lời giải:
Xét số hạng tổng quát:
\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}}=\frac{1}{(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1})[n+\sqrt{n(n+1)}+n+1)]}=\frac{(\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n})(\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n})}{(\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1})[n+\sqrt{n(n+1)}+n+1)]}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{n+(n+1)-\sqrt{n(n+1)}}<\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{2\sqrt{n(n+1)}-\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n(n+1)}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Do đó:
\(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}+1\sqrt{1}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\frac{1}{3\sqrt{3}+2\sqrt{2}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
......
\(\frac{1}{(n+1)\sqrt{n+1}+n\sqrt{n}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow \text{VT}< 1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\) (đpcm)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}+\sqrt{n+1}}< \frac{1}{\sqrt{n}+\sqrt{n+1}}=\frac{\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}}{\left(n+1\right)-n}=\sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2\sqrt{n+1}}< \sqrt{n+1}-\sqrt{n}\)
Áp dụng : \(1+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2500}}=2\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{1}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2500}}\right)< 2\left(1+\sqrt{2}-1+\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}+...+\sqrt{2500}-\sqrt{2499}\right)=2\sqrt{2500}=2.50=100\)
Vậy ta có điều phải chứng minh.