Hoà tan 13 kẽm trong dd axit Clohiđric 18,25%(phản ứng vừa đủ) a)Tính khối lượng dd đã tham gia phản ứng b)Tính thể tích khí Hiđro thu được ở đktc c)Tính nồng độ % dd kẽm clorua tạo thành Giúp mk vs ạ cảm ơn
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\(a.n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3mol\\ 2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,2 0,3 0,1 0,3
\(m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4g\\ b.C_{M\left(H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,45}=\dfrac{2}{3}M\\ c.2H_2+O_2\underrightarrow{t^0}2H_2O\)
0,3 0,15 0,3
\(V_{O_2}=0,15.22,4=3,36l\)
\(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Al}=\dfrac{2}{3}n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2}{3}.0,3=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ a,m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ b,C_{MddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,45}=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(M\right)\\ 2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{n_{H_2}}{2}=\dfrac{0,3}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\\ c,V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,15.22,4=3,36\left(l\right)\)
a)
$n_{Zn} = \dfrac{13}{65} = 0,2(mol) ; n_{H_2 SO_4} = 0,5.2 = 1(mol)$
$Zn + H_2SO_4 \to ZnSO_4 + H_2$
Ta thấy :
$n_{Zn} < n_{H_2SO_4}$ nên $H_2SO_4$ dư
$n_{ZnSO_4} = n_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = n_{Zn} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{ZnSO_4} = 0,2.161=32,2(gam)$
$m_{H_2SO_4\ pư} = 0,2.98 = 19,6(gam)$
b)
$n_{H_2SO_4\ dư} = 1 - 0,2 = 0,8(mol)$
$C_{M_{H_2SO_4\ dư}} = \dfrac{0,8}{0,5} = 1,6M$
$C_{M_{FeSO_4}} = \dfrac{0,2}{0,5} = 0,4M$
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ n_{H_2SO_4}=0,5.2=1\left(mol\right)\\ Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\\ a.Vì:\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{1}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4dư\\ n_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=n_{ZnSO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{H_2SO_4\left(p.ứ\right)}=0,2.98=19,6\left(g\right)\\ m_{ZnSO_4}=161.0,2=32,2\left(g\right)\\ b.V_{ddsau}=V_{ddH_2SO_4}=0,5\left(l\right)\\ C_{MddZnSO_4}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,5}=0,4\left(M\right)\\ C_{MddH_2SO_4\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{1-0,2}{0,5}=1,6\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4(mol)\\ CuO+2HCl\to CuCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{HCl}=0,8(mol);n_{CuCl_2}=n_{H_2}=0,4(mol)\\ a,m_{dd_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,8.36,5}{20\%}=146(g)\\ b,m_{CuCl_2}=0,4.135=54(g)\\ c,C\%_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{54}{32+146-0,4.2}.100\%=30,47\%\)
\(CuO + 2HCl \rightarrow CuCl_2 + H_2O\)
\(n_{CuO}= \dfrac{32}{80}= 0,4 mol\)
Theo PTHH:
\(n_{HCl}= 2n_{CuO}= 0,8 mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{HCl}= 0,8 . 36,5=29,2 g\)
\(\rightarrow m_{dd HCl}= \dfrac{29,2 . 100%}{20%}= 146 g\)
b) Muối tạo thành là CuCl2
Theo PTHH:
\(n_{CuCl_2}= n_{CuO}= 0,4 mol\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuCl_2}= 0,4 . 135= 54g\)
c)
\(m_{dd sau pư}= m_{CuO} + m_{dd HCl}= 32 + 146=178 g\)
C%= \(\dfrac{54}{178} . 100\)%= 30,337 %
\(Zn+H_2SO_4\rightarrow ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Zn}=n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Zn}=0,05.65=3,25\left(g\right)\\ m_{\text{dd}H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,05.98}{19,6\%}=25\left(g\right)\\ V_{\text{dd}H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{25}{1,84}\approx13,587\left(ml\right)\)
a) \(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{1,12}{56}=0,02\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl -->FeCl2 + H2
_____0,02->0,04--->0,02--->0,02
=> VH2 = 0,02.22,4 = 0,448(l)
b) mFeCl2 = 0,02.127 = 2,54(g)
c) \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,2}=0,2M\)
Fe + 2HCl → FeCl2 + H2
1 2 1 1
0,02 0,04 0,02 0,02
nFe=\(\dfrac{1,12}{56}\)= 0,02(mol)
a). nH2=\(\dfrac{0,02.1}{1}\)= 0,02(mol)
→VH2= n . 22,4 = 0,02 . 22,4 = 0,448(l)
b). nFeCl2= \(\dfrac{0,02.1}{1}\)= 0,02(mol)
→mFeCl2= n . M = 0,02 . 127 = 2,54(g)
c). 200ml = 0,2l
nHCl= \(\dfrac{0,02.2}{1}\)=0,04(mol)
→CM= \(\dfrac{n}{V}\)= \(\dfrac{0,04}{0,2}\)= 0,2M
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2mol\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
a)\(m_{HCl}=0,4\cdot36,5=14,6g\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{14,6}{18,25\%}\cdot100\%=80g\)
b)\(V_{H_2}=0,2\cdot22,4=4,48l\)
c)\(m_{H_2}=0,2\cdot2=0,4g\)
BTKL: \(m_{Zn}+m_{ddHCl}=m_{ddZnCl_2}+m_{H_2}\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{ddZnCl_2}=13+80-0,4=92,6g\)
\(m_{ctZnCl_2}=0,2\cdot136=27,2g\)
\(C\%=\dfrac{27,2}{92,6}\cdot100\%=29,37\%\)