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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Gọi số mol Mg, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 24a + 56b = 11,84
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{146.14\%}{36,5}=0,56\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
a--->2a--------->a----->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b-->2b-------->b------>b
=> 2a + 2b = 0,56
=> a = 0,12; b = 0,16
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%Mg=\dfrac{0,12.24}{11,84}.100\%=24,324\%\\\%Fe=\dfrac{0,16.56}{11,84}.100\%=75,676\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{H_2}=a+b=0,28\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(V_{H_2}=0,28.22,4=6,272\left(l\right)\)
c) mdd sau pư = 11,84 + 146 - 0,28.2 = 157,28 (g)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,12.95}{157,28}.100\%=7,25\%\\C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,16.127}{157,28}.100\%=12,92\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right),n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{hh}=56a+24b=10.16\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5.6}{22.4}=0.25\left(mol\right)\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(n_{H_2}=a+b=0.25\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
\(\left(1\right),\left(2\right):a=0.13,b=0.12\)
\(m_{Fe}=0.13\cdot56=7.28\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0.12\cdot24=2.88\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=2\cdot n_{H_2}=2\cdot0.25=0.5\left(mol\right)\)
\(C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0.5}{0.5}=1\left(M\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Câu 1
\(3Cl_2+2Fe\underrightarrow{t^o}2FeCl_3\)
\(n_{Cl_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,3.2}{3}=0,2\left(mol\right)\) \(\Rightarrow m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\)
Câu 2
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi x và y lần lượt là số mol Fe và Mg
Bảo toàn e ta có \(2x+2y=2.0,25\) (1)
\(m_{hh}=56x+24y=10,16\left(g\right)\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,13\\y=0,12\end{matrix}\right.\)
a. \(\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,13.56}{10,16}.100\%=71,65\%\)
\(\%m_{Mg}=100\%-71,65\%=28,35\%\)
b. Ta có \(n_{HCl}=n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(CM_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,5}{0,5}=1\left(M\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(a,n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,576}{22,4}=0,115\left(mol\right)\\ Đặt:n_{Mg}=a\left(mol\right);n_{Al}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\\ 2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}95a+133,5b=10,475\\a+1,5b=0,115\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,04\\b=0,05\end{matrix}\right.\\ \%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,04.24}{0,04.24+0,05.27}.100\approx41,558\%\Rightarrow\%m_{Al}\approx58,442\%\\ b,n_{HCl}=2.n_{H_2}=2.0,115=0,23\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow x=C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,23.36,5}{100}.100=8,395\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{Mg}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 24x+56y=4(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1(mol)\\ Mg+2HCl\to MgCl_2+H_2\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2\\ \Rightarrow x+y=0,1(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=y=0,05(mol)\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,05.56}{4}.100\%=70\%\\ \Rightarrow \%_{Mg}=100\%-70\%=30\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) Gọi số mol Zn, Fe là a, b (mol)
=> 65a + 56b = 8,56 (1)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,136}{22,4}=0,14\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
a--->2a-------->a----->a
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b----->2b------->b------>b
=> a + b = 0,14 (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,08; b = 0,06
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Zn}=\dfrac{0,08.65}{8,56}.100\%=60,748\%\\\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,06.56}{8,56}.100\%=39,252\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b)
nKOH = 0,2.0,1 = 0,02 (mol)
PTHH: KOH + HCl --> KCl + H2O
0,02-->0,02
=> nHCl = 0,02 + 2a + 2b = 0,3 (mol)
=> \(C_{M\left(HCl\right)}=xM=\dfrac{0,3}{0,15}=2M\)
c) m = 0,08.136 + 0,06.127 = 18,5(g)
Gọi số mol Mg = x(mol); số mol Fe = y ( mol)
Bảo toàn e , ta có phương trình :
x + y = 0,03 (1)
Theo đề bài :
24x + 56y = 1,36 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) ta có hệ phương trình , giải hệ ta được :
x = 0,01 (mol) ; y = 0,02 (mol)
=> %mMg = 0,01 . 24 / 1,36 . 100% = 17,65%
=> %mFe = 100 - 17,65 = 82,35 %
PT: \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
a, Giả sử: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}=x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ 24x + 56y = 1,36 (1)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,672}{22,4}=0,03\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2}=n_{Mg}+n_{Fe}=x+y\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ x + y = 0,03 (2)
Từ (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,01\left(mol\right)\\y=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,01.24}{1,36}.100\%\approx17,6\%\\\%m_{Fe}\approx82,4\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, Theo PT: \(n_{HCl}=2n_{H_2}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow V_{HCl}=\dfrac{0,06}{2}=0,03\left(l\right)\)
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{MgCl_2}=n_{Mg}=0,01\left(mol\right)\\n_{FeCl_2}=n_{Fe}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C_{M_{MgCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,01}{0,03}\approx0,33M\\C_{M_{FeCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,02}{0,03}\approx0,66M\end{matrix}\right.\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!