Cho 200g dung dịch Fe2(SO4)3 20 % tác dụng hoàntoàn với dung dịch NaOH.
a) Viết phương trình hóa học?
b) Tính khối lượng NaOH cần dùng?
c) Tính khối lượng chất kết tủa?
d) Tính nồng độ phần trăm của dung dịch thu được sau phản ứng?
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a) \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\)
b) \(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{52}{208}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\)
0,25----->0,25------->0,25---->0,5
=> \(m_{H_2SO_4}=0,25.98=24,5\left(g\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{24,5.100}{19,6}=125\left(g\right)\)
c) \(m_{BaSO_4}=0,25.233=58,25\left(g\right)\)
d)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Xét tỉ lệ \(\dfrac{0,5}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\) => NaOH hết, HCl dư
=> Quỳ tím chuyển màu đỏ
\(n_{BaCl_2}=\dfrac{208.10\%}{208}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ a,BaCl_2+H_2SO_4\rightarrow BaSO_4\downarrow+2HCl\\ 0,1............0,1..............0,1.............0,2\left(mol\right)\\ b,m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,1.98.100}{8}=122,5\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{kt}=m_{BaSO_4}=0,1.233=23,3\left(g\right)\\ d,m_{ddsau}=208+122,5-23,3=307,2\left(g\right)\\ C\%_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,2.36,5}{307,2}.100\approx2,376\%\)
a)b)c)d) mBaCl2=150.16,64%=24,96g
=>nBaCl2=0,12 mol
mH2SO4=100.14,7%=14,7g=>nH2SO4=0,15mol
BaCl2 + H2SO4 =>BaSO4 +2HCl
Bđ: 0,12 mol; 0,15 mol
Pứ: 0,12 mol=>0,12 mol=>0,12 mol=>0,24 mol
Dư: 0,03 mol
Dd ban đầu chứa BaCl2 0,12 mol và H2SO4 0,15 mol
Dd A sau phản ứng chứa HCl 0,24 mol và H2SO4 dư 0,03 mol
mHCl=0,24.36,5=8,76g
mH2SO4=0,03.98=2,94g
Kết tủa B là BaSO4 0,12 mol=>mBaSO4=0,12.233=27,96g
mddA=mddBaCl2+mddH2SO4-mBaSO4
=150+100-27,96=222,04g
C%dd HCl=8,76/222,04.100%=3,945%
C% dd H2SO4=2,94/222,04.100%=1,324%
e) HCl +NaOH =>NaCl +H2O
0,24 mol=>0,24 mol
H2SO4 +2NaOH =>Na2SO4 + 2H2O
0,03 mol=>0,06 mol
TÔNG nNaOH=0,3 mol
=>V dd NaOH=0,3/2=0,15 lit
\(n_{FeCl_3}=\dfrac{48,75}{162,5}=0,3(mol)\\ 3NaOH+FeCl_3\to Fe(OH)_3\downarrow+3NaCl\\ \Rightarrow n_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3(mol);n_{NaOH}=n_{NaCl}=0,9(mol)\\ a,m_{Fe(OH)_3}=0,3.107=32,1(g)\\ b,m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{0,9.40}{10\%}=360(g)\\ c,C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{0,9.58,5}{360+48,75-32,1}.100\%=13,98\%\\ \)
\(d,2Fe(OH)_3+3H_2SO_4\to Fe_2(SO_4)_3+6H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=0,45(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,45.98}{20\%}=220,5(g)\\ \Rightarrow V_{dd_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{220,5}{1,14}=193,42(ml)\)
\(n_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{60,75}{135}=0,45mol\\ a)CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
0,45 0,9 0,45 0,9
\(b)m_X=m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,45.81=36,45g\\
c)m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,9.40}{15\%}\cdot100\%=240g\\
d)m_{ddNaCl}=60,75+240-36,45=264,3g\\
C_{\%NaCl}=\dfrac{0,9.58,5}{264,3}\cdot100\%=19,92\%\\
e)n_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{245.20\%}{100\%.98}=0,5mol\\
H_2SO_4+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\rightarrow CuSO_4+2H_2O\\
\Rightarrow\dfrac{0,5}{1}>\dfrac{0,45}{1}\Rightarrow H_2SO_4.dư\)
\(\Rightarrow\)Dung dịch acid \(H_2SO_4\) làm tan hết chất X\(\left(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\right)\)
a, \(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow2NaCl+Cu\left(OH\right)_2\)
b, \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{10}{40}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CuCl_2}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{NaOH}=0,125\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,125.98=12,25\left(g\right)\)
c, \(C_{M_{CuCl_2}}=\dfrac{0,125}{0,1}=1,25\left(M\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{10}{40}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(CuCl_2+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2NaCl\)
0,125 0,25 0,125 0,25
\(m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,125.98=12,25\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{M\left(CuCl_2\right)}=\dfrac{0,125}{0,1}=1,25\left(M\right)\)
\(a,PTHH:CuCl_2+2KOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+2KCl\\ ...0,2......0,4.......0,2........0,4\left(mol\right)\\ b,n_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{27}{135}=0,2\left(mol\right)\\ m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\cdot98=19,6\left(g\right)\\ c,m_{KOH}=0,4\cdot56=22,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{KOH}}=\dfrac{22,4\cdot100\%}{20\%}=112\left(g\right)\\ m_{dd_{KCl}}=m_{CuCl_2}+m_{dd_{KOH}}-m_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=27+112-19,6=119,4\left(g\right)\)
\(d,C\%_{dd_{KCl}}=\dfrac{74,5\cdot0,4}{119,4}\cdot100\%\approx24,96\%\)
\(n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{200.16\%}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH :
\(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2\downarrow+Na_2SO_4\)
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
\(m_{NaOH}=0,4.40=16\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{16.100}{10}=160\left(g\right)\)
\(c,m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,2.142=28,4\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddNa_2SO_4}=200+160-\left(0,2.98\right)=340,4\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{28,4}{240,4}.100\%\approx8,34\%\)
\(d,PTHH:\)
\(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
0,2 0,2
\(m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
a, \(CuSO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Cu\left(OH\right)_2+Na_2SO_4\)
b, \(m_{CuSO_4}=200.16\%=32\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuSO_4}=\dfrac{32}{160}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH}=2n_{CuSO_4}=0,4\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ddNaOH}=\dfrac{0,4.40}{10\%}=160\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=n_{Na_2SO_4}=n_{CuSO_4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%_{Na_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,2.142}{200+160-0,2.98}.100\%\approx8,34\%\)
d, \(Cu\left(OH\right)_2\underrightarrow{t^o}CuO+H_2O\)
\(n_{CuO}=n_{Cu\left(OH\right)_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,2.80=16\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3}=\dfrac{200\cdot20}{100}=40\left(g\right)\Rightarrow n=0,1mol\)
\(Fe_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+6NaOH\rightarrow2Fe\left(OH\right)_3\downarrow+3Na_2SO_4\)
0,1 0,6 0,2 0,3
a)\(m_{NaOH}=0,6\cdot40=24\left(g\right)\)
b)\(m_{Fe\left(OH\right)_3}=0,2\cdot107=21,4\left(g\right)\)
c)\(m_{Na_2SO_4}=0,3\cdot142=42,6\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddsau}=200+24-21,4=202,6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow C\%=\dfrac{42,6}{202,6}\cdot100\%=21,03\%\)