Tìm GTLN của các đa thức sau:
1/ D = \(4-x^2+2x\)
2/ \(E=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)
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H=\(x^6-2x^3+x^2-2x+2\)
\(=x^6+2x^5+3x^4+2x^2-2x^5-4x^4-6x^3-4x^2-4x+x^4+2x^3+3x^2+2x+2\)
\(=x^2\left(x^4+2x^3+3x^2+2\right)-2x\left(x^4+2x^3+3x^2+2\right)+\left(x^4+2x^3+3x^2+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-2x+1\right)\left(x^4+2x^3+3x^2+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+2\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)^2\left(x^2+1\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+1\right]\text{≥}0\)
Vì \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2\text{≥}0\\\left(x^2+1\right)\text{≥}1\\\left(x+1\right)^2+1\text{≥}1\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇒ MinH=0 ⇔ \(x=1\)
\(A=5-x^2+2x-4y^2-4y=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-\left(4y^2+4y+1\right)+7\\ =-\left(x-1\right)^2-\left(2y+1\right)^2+7\le7\)
đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-1=0\\2y+1=0\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\)\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy MAX A=7 tại \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-0,5\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(D=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\left(x+6\right)\\ D=\left(x^2+5x-6\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
đặt: \(t=x^2+5x\) khi đó:
\(D=\left(t-6\right)\left(t+6\right)\\ D=t^2-36\ge-36\)
đẳng thức xảy ra khi :
\(t=0\\ \Leftrightarrow x^2+5x=0\\ x\left(x+5\right)=0\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=0\\x=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
vậy MAX D=-36 tại x=0 hoặc x=-5
a) Ta có A = x2 - 2x - 1 = (x2 - 2x + 1) - 2 = (x - 1)2 - 2 \(\ge\) -2
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 1 = 0 => x = 1
Vậy Min A = -2 <=> x = 1
b) Ta có B = 4x2 + 4x + 8 = (4x2 + 4x + 1) + 7 = (2x + 1)2 + 7 \(\ge\)7
Dấu |"=" xảy ra <=> 2x + 1 = 0 => x = -1/2
Vậy Min B = 7 <=> x = -1/2
c) Ta có C = 3x - x2 + 2
= -(x2 - 3x - 2)
= -(x2 - 3x + 9/4 - 9/4 - 2)
= -[(x - 3/2)2 - 17/4)
= -(x - 3/2)2 + 17/4 \(\le\frac{17}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x - 3/2 = 0 => x = 3/2
Vậy Max C = 17/4 <=> x = 3/2
d) Ta có D = -x2 - 5x = -(x2 + 5x) = -(x2 + 5x + 25/4 - 25/4) = -(x + 5/2)2 + 25/4 \(\ge\frac{25}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x + 5/2 = 0 => x = -5/2
Vậy Max D = 25/4 <=> x = -5/2
e) Ta có E = x2 - 4xy + 5y2 + 10x - 22y + 28
= (x2 - 4xy + 4y2) + 10x - 20y + y2 - 2y + 28
= (x - 2y)2 + 10(x - 2y) + 25 + (y2 - 2y + 1) + 2
= (x - 2y + 5) + (y - 1)2 + 2 \(\ge\)2
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-2y+5=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-3\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy Min E = 2 <=> x = -3 ; y = 1
\(A=x^2-2x-1=x^2-2x+1-2=\left(x-1\right)^2-2\ge-2\)
Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(x=1\). Vậy GTNN của \(A\)là \(-2\).
\(B=4x^2+4x+8=4x^2+4x+1+7=\left(2x+1\right)^2+7\ge7\)
Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\). Vậy GTNN của \(B\)là \(7\).
\(C=-x^2+3x+2=-x^2+2.\frac{3}{2}x-\left(\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{17}{4}=-\left(x-\frac{3}{2}\right)^2+\frac{17}{4}\le\frac{17}{4}\)
Dấu \(=\) xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{3}{2}\). Vậy GTLN của \(C\)là \(\frac{17}{4}\).
\(D=-x^2-5x=-x^2-2.\frac{5}{2}x-\left(\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{25}{4}=-\left(x+\frac{5}{2}\right)^2+\frac{25}{4}\le\frac{25}{4}\)
Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(x=\frac{-5}{2}\). Vậy GTLN của \(D\) là \(\frac{25}{4}\).
\(E=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)
\(=x^2+4y^2+25-4xy+10x-20y+y^2-2y+1+2\)
\(=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\)
Dấu \(=\)xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-2y+5=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-3\\y=1\end{cases}}}\). Vậy GTNN của \(E\) là \(2\).
Đặt \(A=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+28\)
\(=x^2-4xy+10x+5y^2-22y+28\)
\(=x^2-x\left(4y-10\right)+5y^2-22y+28\)
\(=x^2-2.x.\frac{4y-10}{2}+\left(\frac{4y-10}{2}\right)^2+5y^2-22y-\left(\frac{4y-10}{2}\right)^2+28\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{4y-10}{2}\right)^2+5y^2-22y-\frac{16y^2-80y+100}{4}+28\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{4y-10}{2}\right)^2+5y^2-22y-4y^2+20y-25+28\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{4y-10}{2}\right)^2+y^2-2y+3=\left(x-\frac{4y-10}{2}\right)^2+y^2-2.y.1+1^2+2\)
\(=\left(x-\frac{4y-10}{2}\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\)
Vì \(\left(x-\frac{4y-10}{2}\right)^2\ge0;\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0=>\left(x-\frac{4y-10}{2}\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(=>\left(x-\frac{4y-10}{2}\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+2\ge2\) (với mọi x,y)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(< =>\hept{\begin{cases}\left(x-\frac{4y-10}{2}\right)^2=0\\\left(y-1\right)^2=0\end{cases}}< =>\hept{\begin{cases}x-\frac{4y-10}{2}=0\\y=1\end{cases}}< =>\hept{\begin{cases}x-\frac{4-10}{2}=0\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
\(< =>\hept{\begin{cases}x=-3\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy MInA=2 khi x=-3;y=1
Đặt \(A=-2x^2-y^2-2xy+4x+2y+2\)
\(-A=2x^2+y^2+2xy-3x-2y-2\)
\(-A=\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+x^2-4x-2y-2\)
\(-A=\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-2\left(x+y\right)+1\right]+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-4\)
\(-A=\left(x+y-1\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2-4\)
Mà \(\left(x+y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\)
\(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0\forall x\)
\(\Rightarrow-A\ge-4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\le4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y-1=0\\x-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}y=0\\x=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(A_{Max}=4\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(1;0\right)\)
Đặt \(B=x^2-4xy+5y^2+10x-22y+27\)
\(B=\left(x^2-4xy+4y^2\right)+y^2+10x-22y+27\)
\(B=\left[\left(x-2y\right)^2+2\left(x-2y\right)\times5+25\right]+\)\(\left(y^2-2y+1\right)+1\)
\(B=\left(x-2y+5\right)^2+\left(y-1\right)^2+1\)
Mà \(\left(x-2y+5\right)^2\ge0\forall x;y\)
\(\left(y-1\right)^2\ge0\forall y\)
\(\Rightarrow B\ge1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi :
\(\hept{\begin{cases}x-2y+5=0\\y-1=0\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-3\\y=1\end{cases}}\)
Vậy \(B_{Min}=1\Leftrightarrow\left(x;y\right)=\left(-3;1\right)\)
\(D=-x^2+2x+4=-\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+5=-\left(x-1\right)^2+5\)
Ta có : \(-\left(x-1\right)^2\le0\forall x;-\left(x-1\right)^2+5\le5\)
Vậy GTLN D = 5 <=> x = 1