a) cho \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}.\)chứng minh rằng : \(\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\frac{a}{b}\)
b) Tìm giá trị của biểu thức A, biết A = \(\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{c+a}=\frac{c}{a+b}\)(a, b, c \(\ne\)0)
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Gọi \(M=\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b},\)ta có :
\(M.\frac{c}{a-b}=1+\frac{c}{a-b}\left(\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)=1+\frac{c}{a-b}.\frac{b^2-bc+ac-a^2}{ab}\)
\(=1+\frac{c}{a-b}.\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(c-a-b\right)}{ab}=1+\frac{2c^2}{ab}=1+\frac{2c^3}{abc}\)
Tương tự : \(M.\frac{a}{b-c}=1+\frac{2a^3}{abc},M.\frac{b}{c-a}=1+\frac{2b^3}{abc}.\)
Vậy \(A=3+\frac{2\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=9\)
Bài 1: Ta có \(\left(\frac{a^2}{b}-a+b\right)+b^2=\frac{a^2-ab+b^2}{b}+b\ge2\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\) (áp dụng Bất Đẳng Thức Cosi)
\(=\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{\frac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2+\frac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b}-a+2b\ge\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)\left(1\right)\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^2}{c}-b+2c\ge\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\frac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)\left(2\right)\\\frac{c^2}{a}-c+2a\ge\sqrt{c^2-ac+a^2}+\frac{1}{2}\left(a+c\right)\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Từ (1) và (2) và (3) \(\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b}+\frac{b^2}{c}+\frac{c^2}{a}\ge\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ac+a^2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi a=b=c
1) Ta có : \(\frac{2016a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+2016b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+2016c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+2016d}{d}\)
Trừ 4 vế với 2015 ta được : \(\frac{a+b+c+d}{a}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c+d}{d}\)
Nếu a + b + c + d = 0
=> a + b = -(c + d)
=> b + c = (-a + d)
=> c + d = -(a + b)
=> d + a = (-b + c)
Khi đó M = (-1) + (-1) + (-1) + (-1) = - 4
Nếu a + b + c + d\(\ne0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{a}=\frac{1}{b}=\frac{1}{c}=\frac{1}{d}\Rightarrow a=b=c=d\)
Khi đó M = 1 + 1 + 1 + 1 = 4
2) a) Ta có : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\left|x+2013\right|\ge0\forall x\\\left(3x-7\right)^{2004}\ge0\forall y\end{cases}\Rightarrow\left|x+2013\right|+\left(3x-7\right)^{2014}\ge0}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+2013=0\\3y-7=0\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}x=-2013\\y=\frac{7}{3}\end{cases}}}\)
b) 72x + 72x + 3 = 344
=> 72x + 72x.73 = 344
=> 72x.(1 + 73) = 344
=> 72x = 1
=> 72x = 70
=> 2x = 0 => x = 0
c) Ta có :
\(\frac{7}{2x+2}=\frac{3}{2y-4}=\frac{5}{x+4}\Leftrightarrow\frac{7}{2x+2}=\frac{3}{2y-4}=\frac{10}{2x+8}=\frac{7-10}{2x+2-2x-8}=\frac{1}{2}\)(dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)
=> 2x + 2 = 14 => x = 6 ;
2y - 4 = 6 => y = 5 ;
6 + 5 + z = 17 => z = 6
Vậy x = 6 ; y = 5 ; z = 6
3) a) Ta có : \(\frac{a+b+c}{a+b-c}=\frac{a-b+c}{a-b-c}=\frac{a+b+c-a+b-c}{a+b-c-a+b+c}=\frac{2b}{2b}=1\)(dãy ti số bằng nhau)
=> a + b + c = a + b - c => a + b + c - a - b + c = 0 => 2c = 0 => c = 0;
Lại có : \(\frac{a+b+c}{a+b-c}-1=\frac{a-b+c}{a-b-c}-1\Leftrightarrow\frac{2c}{a+b-c}=\frac{2c}{a-b-c}\Rightarrow a+b-c=a-b-c\) => b = 0
Vậy c = 0 hoặc b = 0
c) Ta có : \(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{a+c}{b}=\frac{a+b+b+c+a+c}{c+a+b}=2\)(dãy tỉ số bằng nhau)
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}a+b=2c\\b+c=2a\\a+c=2b\end{cases}}\)
Khi đó P = \(\left(1+\frac{c}{b}\right)\left(1+\frac{a}{c}\right)\left(1+\frac{b}{a}\right)=\frac{b+c}{b}.\frac{c+a}{c}=\frac{a+b}{a}=\frac{2a.2b.2c}{abc}=8\)
Vậy P = 8
2. b) \(7^{2x}+7^{2x+3}=344\)
\(7^{2x}\cdot\left(1+7^3\right)=344\)
\(7^{2x}\cdot\left(1+343\right)=344\)
\(7^{2x}\cdot344=344\)
\(7^{2x}=1\)
\(7^{2x}=7^0\)
\(2x=0\)
\(x=0\)
a)\(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2016},\left|\frac{3}{4}-y\right|\ge0\)
\(\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2016}+\left|\frac{3}{4}-y\right|=0\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}\left(x-\frac{1}{2}\right)^{2016}=0\\\left|\frac{3}{4}-y\right|=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x-\frac{1}{2}=0\\\frac{3}{4}-y=0\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\orbr{\begin{cases}x=\frac{1}{2}\\y=\frac{3}{4}\end{cases}}\)
b)\(\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{a+c}=\frac{c}{a+b}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{a+c}{b}=\frac{a+b}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{b+c}{a}-\frac{a+c}{b}-\frac{a+b}{c}=0\)
Ta có với a,b,c,d là các số thực khác 0
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a-b+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b-c+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c-d}{d}=\frac{b+c+d-a}{a}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a-b+c+d}{b}+1=\frac{a+b-c+d}{c}+1=\frac{a+b+c-d}{d}+1=\frac{b+c+d-a}{a}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{d}=\frac{b+c+d}{a}\)
Áp dụng tính chất dãy tỉ số bằng nhau, ta có:
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+c+d}{b}=\frac{a+b+d}{c}=\frac{a+b+c}{d}=\frac{b+c+d}{a}=\frac{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=3\)
Ta có M= \(\left(\frac{a+c+d}{b}\right)\left(\frac{a+b+d}{c}\right)\left(\frac{a+b+c}{d}\right)\left(\frac{b+c+d}{a}\right)\)
=> M= 3.3.3.3
=> M =81
Áp dụng TC cuae DTSBN ta có:
a-b+c+d/b = a+b-c+d/c = a+b+c-d/d = b+c+d-a/a = \(\frac{a-b+c+d+a+b-c+d+a+b+c-d+b+c+d-a}{b+c+d+a}=\frac{3\left(a+b+c+d\right)}{a+b+c+d}=3\)
=> a-b+c+d/b = 3 => a-b+c+d = 3b => a+c+d = 4b
a+b-c+d/c = 3 => a+b-c+d = 3c => a+b+d = 4c
a+b+c-d/d = 3 => a+b+c-d = 3d => a+b+c = 4d
b+c+d-a/a = 3 => b+c+d-a = 3a => b+c+d = 4a
=> M = \(\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a+b+d\right)\left(b+c+d\right)\left(c+d+a\right)}{abcd}=\frac{4d.4c.4a.4b}{abcd}=\frac{256abcd}{abcd}=256\)
Vậy M = 256
Mình chỉ làm bài 1a, và bài 3 thôi nhé,còn lại là bạn tự làm nhé
Bài 1:
a, Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+c}{b+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[\frac{a}{b}\right]^2=\left[\frac{c}{d}\right]^2=\left[\frac{a+c}{b+d}\right]^2\Rightarrow\frac{a^2}{b^2}=\frac{c^2}{d^2}=\frac{(a+c)^2}{(b+d)^2}\Rightarrow\frac{a^2+c^2}{b^2+d^2}=\frac{(a+c)^2}{(b+d)^2}\)
Bài 3 : Sửa đề : Cho \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}\)
CM : a = b = c
Cách 1 : Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+a}=1\)
vì \(a+b+c\ne0\)
\(\frac{a}{b}=1\Rightarrow a=b;\frac{b}{c}=1\Rightarrow b=c\)
Do đó : \(a=b=c\).
Cách 2 : Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=m\), ta có : \(a=bm,b=cm,c=am\)
Do đó : \(a=bm=m(mc)=m\left[m(ma)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow a=m^3a\Rightarrow m^3=1(a\ne0)\Rightarrow m=1\)
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=1\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
Cách 3 : \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}\cdot\frac{b}{c}\cdot\frac{c}{a}=\left[\frac{a}{b}\right]^3\Rightarrow1=\left[\frac{a}{b}\right]^3\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b}=1\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{a}=1\Rightarrow a=b=c\)
a) Ta có : \(\frac{a+b}{c}=\frac{b+c}{a}=\frac{c+a}{b}\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b}{c}+1=\frac{b+c}{a}+1=\frac{c+a}{b}+1\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a+b+c}{a}=\frac{a+b+c}{b}=\frac{a+b+c}{c}\)
\(\Rightarrow P=\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)\left(1+1\right)=8\)
b) Đề bài sai ^^
Cách 1 . \(A=\left(\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}+\frac{c-a}{b}\right)\left(\frac{c}{a-b}+\frac{a}{b-c}+\frac{b}{c-a}\right)\)
Đặt \(\frac{a-b}{c}=x\); \(\frac{b-c}{a}=y\) ; \(\frac{c-a}{b}=z\)
Ta có : \(\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{b-c}{a}}{\frac{c-a}{b}}=\frac{ab\left(a-b\right)+cb\left(b-c\right)}{ac\left(c-a\right)}=\frac{b\left(b-a-c\right)}{ac}=\frac{2b^2}{ac}=\frac{2b^3}{abc}\)
tương tự : \(\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{2c^3}{abc}\); \(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{2a^3}{abc}\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\left(x+y+z\right)\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)=1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{x}+1+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}+1\)
\(=3+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}=3+\frac{2}{abc}\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)\)
Áp dụng bài toán phụ : Nếu a + b + c = 0 thì \(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\) (có thể chứng minh bằng cách rút a = - b - c rồi thay vào tổng ba lập phương) được :
\(A=3+\frac{2}{abc}.3abc=3+6=9\)
Đặt \(\frac{a-b}{c}=x=>\frac{c}{a-b}=\frac{1}{x}\)
\(\frac{b-c}{a}=y=>\frac{a}{b-c}=y\)
\(\frac{c-a}{b}=z=>\frac{b}{c-a}=\frac{1}{z}\)
=>\(A=\left(x+y+z\right).\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
=>\(A=x.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+y.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)+z.\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
=>\(A=1+\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+1+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+1+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}\)
=>\(A=3+\left(\frac{x}{y}+\frac{x}{z}+\frac{y}{x}+\frac{y}{z}+\frac{z}{x}+\frac{z}{y}\right)\)
=>\(A=3+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}\)
Lại có: \(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{\frac{a-b}{c}+\frac{c-a}{b}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}=\frac{\frac{ab-b^2}{bc}+\frac{c^2-ac}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}=\frac{\frac{ab-b^2+c^2-ac}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}\)
\(=\frac{\frac{\left(ab-ac\right)-\left(b^2-c^2\right)}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}=\frac{\frac{a.\left(b-c\right)-\left(b+c\right).\left(b-c\right)}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}=\frac{\frac{\left(a-b-c\right).\left(b-c\right)}{bc}}{\frac{b-c}{a}}\)
\(=\frac{\left(a-b-c\right).\left(b-c\right).a}{\left(b-c\right).bc}=\frac{\left(a-b-c\right).a}{bc}=\frac{\left(a+a-a-b-c\right).a}{bc}\)
\(=\frac{\left[2a-\left(a+b+c\right)\right].a}{bc}\)
Vì a+b+c=0
=>\(\frac{x+z}{y}=\frac{\left(2a-0\right).a}{bc}=\frac{2a^2}{bc}=\frac{2a^3}{abc}\)
Chứng minh tương tự, ta có:
\(\frac{x+y}{z}=\frac{2b^3}{abc}\)
\(\frac{y+z}{x}=\frac{2c^3}{abc}\)
=>\(A=3+\frac{x+z}{y}+\frac{x+y}{z}+\frac{y+z}{x}=3+\frac{3a^3}{abc}+\frac{3b^3}{abc}+\frac{3c^3}{abc}\)
=>\(A=3+\frac{2a^3+2b^3+2c^3}{abc}\)
=>\(A=3+\frac{2.\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}\)
Vì a+b+c=0
=>a=-(b+c)
=>\(a^3=\left[-\left(b+c\right)\right]^3\)
=>\(a^3=-\left(b+c\right)^3\)
=>\(a^3=-\left[b^3+3bc.\left(b+c\right)+c^3\right]\)
=>\(a^3=-b^3-3bc.\left(b+c\right)-c^3\)
=>\(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3bc.\left(b+c\right)\)
Vì a+b+c=0=>b+c=-a
=>\(a^3+b^3+c^3=-3bc.\left(-a\right)\)
=>\(a^3+b^3+c^3=3abc\)
Thay vào A, ta có:
\(A=3+\frac{2.\left(a^3+b^3+c^3\right)}{abc}=3+\frac{2.3abc}{abc}=3+\frac{6.abc}{abc}=3+6=9\)
=>A=9
Vậy A=9
a) Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^3=\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3\)
mà \(\left(\frac{a}{b}\right)^3=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{a}{b}.\frac{a}{b}=\frac{a}{b}.\frac{b}{c}.\frac{c}{d}=\frac{a}{d}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\frac{a}{d}\)( đpcm )
b) Nếu \(a+b+c=0\)\(\Rightarrow b+c=-a\)
\(\Rightarrow A=\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{c+a}=\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a}{-a}=-1\)
Nếu \(a+b+c\ne0\)
Áp dụng tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có:
\(A=\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{c+a}=\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+c+a+a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\)
a) Đặt \(\frac{a}{b}=\frac{b}{c}=\frac{c}{d}=k\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=kb\\b=kc\\c=kd\end{cases}}\)
Ta có : \(\left(\frac{a+b+c}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\left(\frac{kb+kc+kd}{b+c+d}\right)^3=\left(\frac{k\left(b+c+d\right)}{b+c+d}\right)^3\)