Có sơ đồ phản ứng sau: CuO + HCl -> CuCl2 + H2O
Cho 4g CuO tác dụng với 2,92g HCl
a) Tính khối lượng các chất còn lại sau phản ứng.
b) Cần bao nhiêu lít khí H2 (đktc) để khử hết 4g CuO trên? Tính khối lượng Cu thu được.
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a) CuO+2HCl--->CuCl2+H2O
n CuO=4/80=0,05(mol)
n HCl=2,92/36,5=0,08(mol)
Lập tỉ lệ
0,05/1>0,08/2
-->CuO dư..tính theo n HCl
Theo pthh
n CuCl2=1/2n HCl=0,04(mol)
m CuCl2=0,04.135=5,4(g_
n H2O=1/2n HCl=0,04(mol)
m H2O=0,04.18=0,72(g)
CuO+h2-->Cu+H2O
0,05--0,05 mol
=>VH2=0,05.22,4=1,12 l
\(a.CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\\ b.n_{CuO}=\dfrac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=\dfrac{2,92}{36,5}=0,08\\LTL:\dfrac{0,05}{1}>\dfrac{0,08}{2}\\ \Rightarrow CuOdưsaupứ\\ n_{CuCl_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\ n_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,05-\dfrac{0,08}{2} =0,01\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow m_{CuCl_2}=0,04.135=5,4\left(g\right)\\ m_{CuO}=0,01.80=0,8\left(g\right)\)
CuO + 2HCl ==> CuCl2 + H2O
0,04.........0,08................0,04
nCuO=4/80=0,05 (mol)
nHCl=2,92/36,5,08 (mol)
Tỉ số: 0,05/1 > 0,08/2 ==> CuO dư
Các chất còn lại sau phản ứng gồm CuO dư và CuCl2
nCuO dư=0,05-0,04=0,01 (mol) ==> mCuO dư=0,01.64=0,64 (g)
mCuCl2=0,04.135=5,4 (g)
a)
n Al = 10,8/27 = 0,4(mol)
2Al + 6HCl → 2AlCl3 + 3H2
n H2 = \(\dfrac{3}{2}\)n Al = 0,6(mol)
=> V H2 = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44(lít)
b) n AlCl3 = n Al = 0,4(mol)
=> m AlCl3 = 0,4.133,5 = 53,4(gam)
c) n CuO = 16/80 = 0,2(mol)
CuO + H2 \(\xrightarrow{t^o}\) Cu + H2O
n CuO = 0,2 < n H2 = 0,6 => H2 dư
n H2 pư = n Cu = n CuO = 0,2 mol
Suy ra:
m H2 dư = (0,6 -0,2).2 = 0,8(gam)
m Cu = 0,2.64 = 12,8(gam)
a) nAl=0,4(mol)
PTHH: 2Al + 6HCl -> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
nH2= 3/2 . nAl=3/2 . 0,4=0,6(mol)
=>V(H2,đktc)=0,6 x 22,4= 13,44(l)
b) nAlCl3= nAl=0,4(mol)
=>mAlCl3=133,5 x 0,4= 53,4(g)
c) nCuO=0,2(mol)
PTHH: CuO + H2 -to-> Cu + H2O
Ta có: 0,2/1 < 0,6/1
=> H2 dư, CuO hết, tính theo nCuO
=> nH2(p.ứ)=nCu=nCuO=0,2(mol)
=>nH2(dư)=0,6 - 0,2=0,4(mol)
=> mH2(dư)=0,4. 2=0,8(g)
mCu=0,2.64=12,4(g)
\(a,Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\\ CuO+2HCl\rightarrow CuCl_2+H_2O\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{2,24}{22,4}=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{Fe}=n_{H_2}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,1.56}{13,6}.100\%\approx41,176\%\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{CuO}\approx58,824\%\\ b,n_{CuO}=\dfrac{13,6-0,1.56}{80}=0,1\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl\left(p.ứ\right)}=2.\left(n_{Fe}+n_{CuO}\right)=2.\left(0,1+0,1\right)=0,4\left(mol\right)\\ \Rightarrow V_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{0,4}{2}=0,2\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4.48}{22.4}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(0.2.......0.4.......................0.2\)
\(m_{Zn}=0.2\cdot65=13\left(g\right)\)
\(C\%_{HCl}=\dfrac{0.4\cdot36.5}{200}\cdot100\%=7.3\%\)
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{24}{80}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{^{t^0}}Cu+H_2O\)
\(1..........1\)
\(0.3.........0.2\)
\(LTL:\dfrac{0.3}{1}>\dfrac{0.2}{1}\Rightarrow CuOdư\)
\(m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=\left(0.3-0.2\right)\cdot64=6.4\left(g\right)\)
a) \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{6,5}{65}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
0,1-------------->0,1------>0,1
\(\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,1.136=13,6\left(g\right)\)
b) \(V_{H_2}=0,1.22,4=2,24\left(l\right)\)
c) \(CuO+H_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
0,1<---0,1
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=0,1.80=8\left(g\right)\)
a: Zn+2HCl->ZnCl2+H2
0,2 0,4 0,2 0,2
mZnCl2=0,2*136=27,2(g)
b: V=0,2*22,4=4,48(lít)
a, \(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\)
\(H_2+CuO\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{ZnCl_2}=n_{H_2}=n_{Zn}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow m_{ZnCl_2}=0,2.136=27,2\left(g\right)\)
c, \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{20}{80}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{0,2}{1}< \dfrac{0,25}{1}\), ta được CuO dư.
Theo PT: \(n_{CuO\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2}=0,2\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow n_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,25-0,2=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO\left(dư\right)}=0,05.80=4\left(g\right)\)
a, PT: \(CuO+H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{3,2}{80}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{Cu}=n_{H_2O}=n_{CuO}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Cu}=0,04.64=2,56\left(g\right)\\m_{H_2O}=0,04.18=0,72\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b, PT: \(Fe_3O_4+4H_2\underrightarrow{t^o}3Fe+4H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{10,8}{232}=\dfrac{27}{580}\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{4,48}{22,4}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
Xét tỉ lệ: \(\dfrac{\dfrac{27}{580}}{1}< \dfrac{0,2}{4}\), ta được H2 dư.
Theo PT: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{H_2\left(pư\right)}=n_{H_2O}=4n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{27}{145}\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}=3n_{Fe_3O_4}=\dfrac{81}{580}\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{H_2\left(dư\right)}=0,2-\dfrac{27}{145}=\dfrac{2}{145}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{H_2\left(dư\right)}=\dfrac{2}{145}.2\approx0,0276\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{H_2O}=\dfrac{27}{145}.18\approx3,35\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{Fe}=\dfrac{81}{580}.56\approx7,82\left(g\right)\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
a) \(CuO+2HCl-->.CuCl2+H2O\)
\(n_{CuO}=\frac{4}{80}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\frac{2,92}{36,5}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(\frac{0,05}{1}>\frac{0,08}{2}\Rightarrow HCl\) hết , CuO dư
\(n_{CuO}=\frac{1}{2}n_{HCl}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{CuO}dư=0,05-0,04=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{CuO}dư=0,01.80=0,8\left(g\right)\)
b) \(CuO+H2-->Cu+H2O\)
\(n_{H2}=n_{CuO}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(V_{H2}=0,05.22,4=1,12\left(l\right)\)
\(n_{Cu}=n_{CuO}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
m\(_{Cu}=0,0.64=3,2\left(g\right)\)