CMR: \(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt[3]{abc}}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\) với mọi a,b,c >0
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Lời giải:
Áp dụng BĐT Cauchy-Schwarz ta có:
\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt[3]{abc}}=\frac{c^2}{c^2(a+b)}+\frac{a^2}{a^2(b+c)}+\frac{b^2}{b^2(c+a)}+\frac{(\sqrt[3]{abc})^2}{2abc}\)
\(\geq \frac{(c+a+b+\sqrt[3]{abc})^2}{c^2(a+b)+a^2(b+c)+b^2(c+a)+2abc}=\frac{(a+b+c+\sqrt[3]{abc})^2}{(a+b)(b+c)(c+a)}\)
Ta có đpcm
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi $a=b=c$
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(VT=\frac{\left(\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^2}{2abc}+\Sigma\frac{a^2}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^2}{\Sigma a^2\left(b+c\right)+2abc}=\frac{\left(a+b+c+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(c+a\right)}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Đặt ⎧⎪⎨⎪⎩a+b−c=xb+c−a=yc+a−b=z(x,y,z>0){a+b−c=xb+c−a=yc+a−b=z(x,y,z>0)
⇒⎧⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎨⎪ ⎪ ⎪⎩a=z+x2b=x+y2c=y+z2⇒{a=z+x2b=x+y2c=y+z2
⇒√a(1b+c−a−1√bc)=√2(z+x)2(1y−2√(x+y)(y+z))≥√x+√z2(1y−2√xy+√yz)=√x+√z2y−1√y⇒a(1b+c−a−1bc)=2(z+x)2(1y−2(x+y)(y+z))≥x+z2(1y−2xy+yz)=x+z2y−1y
Tương tự
⇒∑√a(1b+c−a−1√bc)≥∑√x+√z2y−∑1√y⇒∑a(1b+c−a−1bc)≥∑x+z2y−∑1y
⇒VT≥∑[x√x(y+z)]2xyz−∑√xy√xyz≥2√xyz(x+y+z)2xyz−x+y+z√xyz≐x+y+z√xyz−x+y+z√xyz=0⇒VT≥∑[xx(y+z)]2xyz−∑xyxyz≥2xyz(x+y+z)2xyz−x+y+zxyz≐x+y+zxyz−x+y+zxyz=0
(∑√xy≤x+y+z,x√x(y+z)≥2x√xyz)(∑xy≤x+y+z,xx(y+z)≥2xxyz)
dấu = ⇔x=y=z⇔a=b=c
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
2/ Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(c=min\left\{a,b,c\right\}\).
Nếu abc = 0 thì có ít nhất một số bằng 0. Giả sử c = 0. BĐT quy về: \(a^2+b^2\ge2ab\Leftrightarrow\left(a-b\right)^2\ge0\) (luôn đúng)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b; c = 0.
Nếu \(abc\ne0\). Chia hai vế của BĐT cho \(\sqrt[3]{\left(abc\right)^2}\)
BĐT quy về: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^4}{b^2c^2}}+3\ge2\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{ab}{c^2}}\)
Đặt \(\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2}{bc}}=x;\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^2}{ca}}=y;\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^2}{ab}}=z\Rightarrow xyz=1\)
Cần chúng minh: \(x^2+y^2+z^2+3\ge2\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{1}{y}+\frac{1}{z}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2+y^2+z^2+2xyz+1\ge2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\) (1)
Theo nguyên lí Dirichlet thì trong 3 số x - 1, y - 1, z - 1 tồn tại ít nhất 2 số có tích không âm. Không mất tính tổng quát, giả sử \(\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow2xyz\ge2xz+2yz-2z\). Thay vào (1):
\(VT\ge x^2+y^2+z^2+2xz+2yz-2z+1\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2+\left(z-1\right)^2+2xy+2xz+2yz\)
\(\ge2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
Vậy (1) đúng. BĐT đã được chứng minh.
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c hoặc a = b, c = 0 và các hoán vị.
Check giúp em vs @Nguyễn Việt Lâm, bài dài quá:(
Để đưa về chứng minh $(1)$ và $(2)$ ta dùng:
Định lí SOS: Nếu \(X+Y+Z=0\) thì \(AX^2+BY^2+CZ^2\ge0\)
khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}A+B+C\ge0\\AB+BC+CA\ge0\end{matrix}\right.\)
Chứng minh: Vì \(\sum\left(A+C\right)=2\left(A+B+C\right)\ge0\)
Nên ta có thể giả sử \(A+C\ge0\). Mà $X+Y+Z=0$ nên$:$
\(AX^2+BY^2+CZ^2=AX^2+BY^2+C\left[-\left(X+Y\right)\right]^2\)
\(={\frac { \left( AX+CX+CY \right) ^{2}}{A+C}}+{\frac {{Y}^{2} \left( AB+AC+BC \right) }{A+C}} \geq 0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta thấy: \(\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}=\Sigma_{cyc}\frac{a^2+bc}{\sqrt[3]{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}}\)
Ta lại có: \(\sqrt[3]{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}\le\frac{\left(a^2b+b^2c\right)+\left(bc^2+ca^2\right)+\left(c^2a+ab^2\right)}{3}=\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\ge\frac{\Sigma_{cyc}\left(a^2+bc\right)}{\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}=\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca}{\frac{1}{3}\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}\)
Nhận thấy: \(A=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+ab+bc+ca\right)=a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc+2\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
Theo Schur: \(a^3+b^3+c^3+3abc\ge\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\ge3\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\Sigma_{cyc}\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^2+bc}{abc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}}\ge\frac{3\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\Sigma_{cyc}\left(ab\left(a+b\right)\right)}=\frac{9}{a+b+c}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
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\(\frac{1}{a+b}+\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt[3]{abc}}=\frac{c^2}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a^2}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{\left(\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^2}{2abc}\)
Áp dụng BĐT Bun :
\(\frac{c^2}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}+\frac{a^2}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{b^2}{b^2\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{\left(\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^2}{2abc}\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c+\sqrt[3]{abc}\right)^2}{c^2\left(a+b\right)+a^2\left(b+c\right)+b^2\left(a+c\right)+2abc}=...\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra khi a = b =c