Cho \(\frac{1}{3}\le a,b,c\le3\)
Chứng minh:
\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\ge\frac{7}{5}\)
Cảm ơn mọi người nha,mình cần gấp à.Bật mí là dùng phương pháp dồn biến ạ(ra biên hoặc toàn miền gì đó ạ)
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a,b,c khong am nen (ab+bc+ca)...>=9/4 co the dung don bien nhe ban
con cau tra loi thi khong bit
nguyễn xuân trợ: bớt xàm đi bạn, cái bạn hỏi đã bảo chúng ta dùng phương pháp dồn biến rồi nha!
a/
\(VT\ge\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2}{a+b}+\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)^2}{b+c}+\frac{\frac{1}{2}\left(c+a\right)^2}{c+a}=a+b+c\ge3\sqrt[3]{abc}=3\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
b/ Ta có: \(x^4+y^4\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(y^2+y^2\right)\ge xy\left(x^2+y^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\le\frac{1}{a+bc\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{1}{b+ca\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{1}{c+ab\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
\(VT\le\frac{1}{a+\frac{1}{a}\left(b^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{1}{b+\frac{1}{b}\left(a^2+c^2\right)}+\frac{1}{c+\frac{1}{c}\left(a^2+b^2\right)}\)
\(VT\le\frac{a}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{b}{a^2+b^2+c^2}+\frac{c}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=\frac{a+b+c}{a^2+b^2+c^2}\)
\(VT\le\frac{a+b+c}{\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{3}{a+b+c}\le\frac{3}{3\sqrt[3]{abc}}=1\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Ta có
\(\frac{a^2}{a+b^2}=\frac{a^2+ab^2-ab^2}{a+b^2}=a-\frac{ab^2}{a+b^2}\ge a-\frac{b\sqrt{a}}{2}\ge a-\frac{1}{4}b\left(a+1\right)\)
Khi đó
\(A\ge\frac{3}{4}\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\)
Mà \(ab+bc+ac\le\frac{1}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)^2=3\)
=> \(A\ge\frac{9}{4}-\frac{3}{4}=\frac{3}{2}\)( ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c=1
\(a-\frac{ab^2}{a+b^2}\ge a-\frac{b\sqrt{a}}{2}\)
Do \(a+b^2\ge2b\sqrt{a}\)
\(a-\frac{ab^2}{a+b^2}\ge a-\frac{b\sqrt{a}}{2}\ge a-\frac{1}{4}b\left(a+1\right)\)
Do \(\sqrt{a}\le\frac{a+1}{2}\)
\(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b^2}.\frac{b^2}{c^2}}=2\frac{a}{c}\\ \frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge2\frac{c}{b}\\ \frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\ge\frac{2b}{a}\)
\(=>2\left(\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{b^2}{c^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}\right)\ge2\left(\frac{a}{c}+\frac{c}{b}+\frac{b}{a}\right)\)
=> đpcm
Bạn ơi đề bài có điều kiện a, b, c không vậy. Hay là a, b, c bất kì?
BĐT
<=> \(\frac{3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac}{3\left(ac+bc+ac\right)}\ge\frac{8}{9}\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\)
<=>\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{a\left(a\left(b+c\right)+bc\right)}{b+c}+...\right)\)
<=> \(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2+\frac{abc}{b+c}+\frac{abc}{a+c}+\frac{abc}{a+b}\right)\)
<=>\(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{abc}{b+c}+\frac{abc}{a+c}+\frac{abc}{a+b}\right)\)
Mà \(\frac{abc}{b+c}\le abc.\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{1}{b}+\frac{1}{c}\right)=\frac{1}{4}\left(ab+bc\right)\)
Khi đó BĐT
<=>\(\frac{1}{3}\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+ab+bc+ac\ge\frac{8}{3}\left(\frac{1}{2}\left(ab+bc+ac\right)\right)\)
=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ac\)(luôn đúng )
=> ĐPCM
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Cách này chủ yếu biến đổi tương đương nên chắc phù hợp với lớp 8
Nếu sử dụng SOS nhìn vào sẽ làm đc liền vì có Nesbitt lẫn \(\frac{a^2+b^2+c^2}{ab+bc+ac}\)
Sửa đề: \(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}+\frac{3}{a+b+c}\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a^2c+b^2a+c^2b}{abc}+\frac{3}{a+b+c}\ge4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P=a^2c+b^2a+c^2b+\frac{3}{a+b+c}\ge4\)
Ta có:
\(a^2c+a^2c+b^2a\ge3\sqrt[3]{a^3.\left(abc\right)^2}=3a\)
\(b^2a+b^2a+c^2b\ge3\sqrt[3]{b^3\left(abc\right)^2}=3b\)
\(c^2b+c^2b+a^2c\ge3\sqrt[3]{c^3\left(abc\right)^2}=3c\)
Cộng vế với vế: \(a^2c+b^2a+c^2b\ge a+b+c\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge a+b+c+\frac{3}{a+b+c}=\frac{a+b+c}{3}+\frac{3}{a+b+c}+\frac{2}{3}\left(a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2\sqrt{\frac{3\left(a+b+c\right)}{3\left(a+b+c\right)}}+\frac{2}{3}.3\sqrt[3]{abc}=4\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Áp dụng BĐT bunniacoxki ta có:
\(\left(b^2+\left(c+a\right)^2\right)\left(1+4\right)\ge\left(b+2\left(a+c\right)\right)^2\)
=> \(\sqrt{\frac{a^2}{b^2+\left(c+a\right)^2}}\le\sqrt{5}.\frac{a}{b+2c+2a}\)
=> \(VT\le\sqrt{5}.\left(\frac{a}{b+2c+2a}+\frac{b}{c+2a+2b}+\frac{c}{a+2b+2c}\right)\)
Cần CM \(\frac{a}{b+2c+2a}+\frac{b}{c+2a+2b}+\frac{c}{a+2b+2c}\le\frac{3}{5}\)
<=>\(\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{a}{b+2c+2a}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{b}{c+2a+2b}\right)+\left(\frac{1}{2}-\frac{c}{a+2b+2c}\right)\ge\frac{9}{10}\)
<=>\(\frac{b+2c}{b+2c+2a}+\frac{c+2a}{c+2a+2b}+\frac{a+2b}{a+2b+2c}\ge\frac{9}{5}\)
Áp dụng bđt buniacoxki dạng phân thức ở vế trái:
=> \(VT\ge\frac{\left(b+2c+c+2a+a+2b\right)^2}{\left(b+2c\right)^2+2a\left(b+2c\right)+\left(c+2a\right)^2+2b\left(c+2a\right)+\left(a+2b\right)^2+2c\left(a+2b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{9\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{5\left(a+b+c\right)^2}=\frac{9}{5}\)(ĐPCM)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi a=b=c
Đặt: f(a;b;c) =\(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{c+a}\)
Vai trò của a, b, c là như nhau có thể giả sử: \(a=max\left\{a,b,c\right\}\)
Ta có: \(f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{b}{b+\sqrt{ab}}+\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{\sqrt{ab}+a}\)
\(=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}}+\frac{\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{a}}=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
Ta chứng minh:
\(f\left(a;b;c\right)\ge f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\ge\frac{7}{5}\)
+) Chứng minh: \(f\left(a;b;c\right)\ge f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\)
Xét : \(f\left(a;b;c\right)-f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)=\frac{b}{b+c}+\frac{c}{a+c}-\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}\)
\(=\frac{b\left(a+c\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)+c\left(b+c\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)-2\sqrt{b}\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}{\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)\left(\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab\sqrt{a}-ab\sqrt{b}+2bc\sqrt{a}-2ac\sqrt{b}+c^2\sqrt{a}-c^2\sqrt{b}}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}\)
\(=\frac{\left(\sqrt{a}-\sqrt{b}\right)\left(\sqrt{ab}-c\right)^2}{\left(a+b\right)\left(b+c\right)\left(a+c\right)}\ge0\)vì a=max{a,b,c} => \(a\ge b\)
=> \(f\left(a;b;c\right)\ge f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\)(1)
+) Chứng minh:\(f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\ge\frac{7}{5}\)
Xét: \(f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)-\frac{7}{5}=\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{2\sqrt{b}}{\sqrt{a}+\sqrt{b}}-\frac{7}{5}\)\(=\frac{\frac{a}{b}}{\frac{a}{b}+1}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}+1}-\frac{7}{5}\)(2)
Đặt \(\sqrt{\frac{a}{b}}=x\left(đk:x\le3\right)\)Ta có:
(2)=\(\frac{x^2}{x^2+1}+\frac{2}{x+1}-\frac{7}{5}\)\(=\frac{5x^3+5x^2+10x^2+10-7x^3-7x^2-7x-7}{5\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-2x^3+8x^2-7x+3}{5\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}=\frac{\left(3-x\right)\left(2x^2-2x+1\right)}{5\left(x^2+1\right)\left(x+1\right)}\ge0\)
=> \(f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\ge\frac{7}{5}\)(3)
Từ (1); (3) => \(f\left(a;b;c\right)\ge f\left(a;b;\sqrt{ab}\right)\ge\frac{7}{5}\)
"=" xảy ra <=> a=3; b=1/3; c=1 và các hoán vị