Cho x,y là 2 số t/m : \(\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+\sqrt{2019}}\right)\)\(\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+\sqrt{2019}}\right)=\sqrt{2019}\)
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Có \(y^2+2019=y^2+xy+yz+zx=y\left(x+y\right)+z\left(x+y\right)=\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(x^2+2019=x^2+xy+yz+zx=x\left(x+y\right)+z\left(x+y\right)=\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\)
\(z^2+2019=z^2+xy+yz+xz=z\left(z+y\right)+x\left(y+z\right)=\left(z+x\right)\left(y+z\right)\)
Có \(P=x\sqrt{\frac{\left(y^2+2019\right)\left(z^2+2019\right)}{x^2+2019}}+y\sqrt{\frac{\left(z^2+2019\right)\left(x^2+2019\right)}{y^2+2019}}+z\sqrt{\frac{\left(x^2+2019\right)\left(y^2+2019\right)}{z^2+2019}}\)
=\(x\sqrt{\frac{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(z+y\right)}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+x\right)}}+y\sqrt{\frac{\left(z+x\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+z\sqrt{\frac{\left(x+z\right)\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(x+y\right)}{\left(z+x\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\)
=\(x\sqrt{\left(y+z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\left(x+z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\left(x+y\right)^2}\)
=\(x\left|y+z\right|+y\left|x+z\right|+z\left|x+y\right|\)
=\(x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\) (vì x,y,z >0)
= xy+xz+xy+yz+xz+yz
=2(xy+xz+yz)=2.2019(vì xy+xz+yz=2019)
=4038
Vậy P=4038
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Từ gt suy ra: \(x+\sqrt{x^2+2019}=\dfrac{2019}{y+\sqrt{y^2+2019}}=\sqrt{y^2+2019}-y\).
Tương tự: \(y+\sqrt{y^2+2019}=\sqrt{x^2+2019}-x\).
Do đó dễ dàng suy ra được: \(x+y=0\).
\(\Rightarrow x=-y\Rightarrow x^{2019}+y^{2019}=x^{2019}+\left(-x\right)^{2019}=0\left(đpcm\right)\).
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Từ giả thiết suy ra
\(x+\sqrt{x^2+2019}=\frac{2019}{y+\sqrt{y^2+2019}}\)
mà \(x+\sqrt{x^2+2019}=\frac{2019}{\sqrt{x^2+2019}-x}\)(nhân liên hợp)
\(\Rightarrow\)\(y+\sqrt{y^2+2019}=\sqrt{x^2+2019}-x\)(1)
Tương tự, có \(\sqrt{y^2+2019}-y=x+\sqrt{x^2+2019}\)(2)
Trừ từng vế của (1), (2) ta có
2y=\(-\)2x\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+y\right)=0\Rightarrow x+y=0\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(x\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+y\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)=2019\sqrt{2019}+2018\sqrt{2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+y\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)=2018\left(\sqrt{2019}+\sqrt{2018}\right)+\sqrt{2019}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y.\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)^2=2018+\sqrt{2019}\left(\sqrt{2019}-\sqrt{2018}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y\left(4037-2\sqrt{2019.2018}\right)=4037-\sqrt{2019.2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+4037.y-4037=2y\sqrt{2019.2018}-\sqrt{2019.2018}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+4037y-4037=\left(2y-1\right).\sqrt{2019.2018}\)(1)
Do \(x;y\) hữu tỉ \(\Rightarrow x+4037y-4037\) và \(2y-1\) đều là số hữu tỉ
Mà \(\sqrt{2019.2018}\) là số vô tỉ
\(\Rightarrow\)đẳng thức (1) xảy ra khi và chỉ khi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2y-1=0\\x+4037y-4037=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y=\dfrac{1}{2}\\x=\dfrac{4037}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta xét \(\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)\left(x-\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)=x^2-\left(x^2+1\right)=-1.\)
Mà \(\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+1}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow x-\sqrt{x^2+1}=-\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+1}\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y=\sqrt{x^2+1}-\sqrt{y^2+1}.\)(1)
Xét \(\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+1}\right)\left(y-\sqrt{y^2+1}\right)=y^2-\left(y^2+1\right)=-1\)
Mà \(\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}\right)\left(y+\sqrt{y^2+1}\right)=1\)
\(\Rightarrow y-\sqrt{y^2+1}=-\left(x+\sqrt{x^2+1}\right).\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+y=\sqrt{y^2+1}-\sqrt{x^2+1}\)(2)
Cộng 2 vế của (1) và (2) Ta được
\(2\left(x+y\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x=-y\)Thế vào A
\(A=x^{2019}+y^{2019}=\left(-y\right)^{2019}+y^{2019}=0\)