\(M=1+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2015}}+\frac{1}{2^{2016}}\)
CMR: M<2
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Ta có :
\(B=\frac{2016}{1}+\frac{2015}{2}+\frac{2014}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(B=\left(\frac{2015}{2}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2014}{3}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{1}{2016}+1\right)+1\)
\(B=\frac{2017}{2}+\frac{2017}{3}+...+\frac{2017}{2016}+\frac{2017}{2017}\)
\(B=2017.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{B}{A}=\frac{2017.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}=2017\)
Vậy \(\frac{B}{A}\)là số nguyên
Dễ dàng chứng minh điều sau bằng biến đổi tương đương:\(\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^2}+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\left(1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)^2}=1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\)
Áp dụng:
\(M=1+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+1+\frac{1}{2015}-\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(=2016-\frac{1}{2016}\)
\(N=\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{2}{2015}+\frac{3}{2014}+...+\frac{2015}{2}+\frac{2016}{1}\)
\(N=1+\left(\frac{1}{2016}+1\right)+\left(\frac{2}{2015}+1\right)+\left(\frac{3}{2014}+1\right)+...+\left(\frac{2015}{2}+1\right)\)
\(N=\frac{2017}{2017}+\frac{2017}{2016}+\frac{2017}{2015}+\frac{2017}{2014}+...+\frac{2017}{2}\)
\(N=2017.\left(\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2015}+\frac{1}{2014}+...+\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{M}{N}=\frac{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2017}}{2017.\left(\frac{1}{2017}+\frac{1}{2016}+\frac{1}{2015}+\frac{1}{2014}+...+\frac{1}{2}\right)}=\frac{1}{2017}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}}{\left(\dfrac{2015}{2}+1\right)+...+\left(\dfrac{2}{2015}+1\right)+\left(\dfrac{1}{2016}+1\right)+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{2}+\dfrac{1}{3}+\dfrac{1}{4}+...+\dfrac{1}{2016}}{\dfrac{2017}{2}+\dfrac{2017}{3}+...+\dfrac{2017}{2015}+\dfrac{2017}{2016}}=\dfrac{1}{2017}\)
Với mọi số nguyên dương n ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}<\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}<\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}=\frac{2}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{n+1}}\). Do đó ta có:
\(A<\frac{2}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{2}{\sqrt{3}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{4}}+...+\frac{2}{\sqrt{2015}}-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2016}}=2-\frac{2}{\sqrt{2016}}<2\)
Vậy A < 2.
\(B=\frac{\frac{2016}{1}+\frac{2015}{2}+...+\frac{1}{2016}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}=\frac{1+\frac{2015}{2}+1+...+\frac{1}{2016}+1}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}\)(2016 số hạng 1 ở tử số)
\(=\frac{\frac{2017}{2017}+\frac{2017}{2}+\frac{2017}{3}+....+\frac{2017}{2016}}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}=\frac{2017.\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}\right)}{\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}}=2017\)
Gợi ý: tính 2M rồi sai đó lấy 2M - M = M = .... (kết quả gọn hơn)
Làm thế là giải được thôi
đánh bàn phím nhầm, sau đó chứ ko phải sai đó