Cho các số thực dương a, b, c thỏa mãn a+b+c=3.Tìm GTNN của \(A=4a^2+6b^2+3c^2\)
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\(3\left(4a^2+6b^2+3c^2\right)-4\left(a+b+c\right)^2\)
\(=\frac{\left(4a-2b-2c\right)^2+6\left(2b-c\right)^2}{16}\ge0\)
Rồi làm nốt.
Đặt \(\left(a;2b;3c\right)=\left(x;y;z\right)\Rightarrow x+y+z=3\)
\(Q=\dfrac{x+1}{1+y^2}+\dfrac{y+1}{1+z^2}+\dfrac{z+1}{1+x^2}\)
Ta có:
\(\dfrac{x+1}{1+y^2}=x+1-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)y^2}{1+y^2}\ge x+1-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)y^2}{2y}=x+1-\dfrac{\left(x+1\right)y}{2}\)
Tương tự:
\(\dfrac{y+1}{1+z^2}\ge y+1-\dfrac{\left(y+1\right)z}{2}\) ; \(\dfrac{z+1}{1+x^2}\ge z+1-\dfrac{\left(z+1\right)x}{2}\)
Cộng vế:
\(Q\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}+3-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(Q\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}+3-\dfrac{1}{6}\left(x+y+z\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{2}+3-\dfrac{9}{6}=3\)
\(Q_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=z=1\) hay \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{3}\right)\)
\(3^2=\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\left(\frac{1}{2}.2a+\frac{1}{\sqrt{6}}.\sqrt{6}b+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\sqrt{3}c\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow9\le\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{3}\right)\left(4a^2+6b^2+3c^2\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4a^2+6b^2+3c^2\ge\frac{9}{\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{6}+\frac{1}{3}}=12\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+b+c=3\\4a=6b=3c\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(1;\frac{2}{3};\frac{4}{3}\right)\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1+3a}{1+b^2}=\left(1+3a\right).\frac{1}{1+b^2}=\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b^2}{1+b^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b^2}{2b}\right)=\left(1+3a\right)\left(1-\frac{b}{2}\right)\)
\(=3a+1-\frac{b}{2}-\frac{3ab}{2}\)(1)
Tương tự ta có: \(\frac{1+3b}{1+c^2}=3b+1-\frac{c}{2}-\frac{3bc}{2}\)(2); \(\frac{1+3c}{1+a^2}=3c+1-\frac{a}{2}-\frac{3ca}{2}\)(3)
Cộng theo vế của 3 BĐT (1), (2), (3), ta được: \(\frac{1+3a}{1+b^2}+\frac{1+3b}{1+c^2}+\frac{1+3c}{1+a^2}\)\(\ge3\left(a+b+c\right)-\frac{a+b+c}{2}-\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}+3\)
\(=\frac{5\left(a+b+c\right)}{2}-\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2}+3\)
\(\ge\frac{5.\sqrt{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}}{2}-\frac{3.3}{2}+3=\frac{15}{2}-\frac{9}{2}+3=6\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Lời giải:
1) Ta thấy:
\(a^2+b^2-2ab=(a-b)^2\geq 0\)\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2\geq 2ab\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(b^2+c^2\geq 2bc; c^2+a^2\geq 2ac\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên:
\(\Rightarrow 2(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq 2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Rightarrow 3(a^2+b^2+c^2)\geq a^2+b^2+c^2+2(ab+bc+ac)\)
\(\Rightarrow 3S\geq (a+b+c)^2=9\)
\(\Rightarrow S\geq 3\)
Vậy \(S_{\min}=3\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)
2)
Áp dụng BĐT Cô-si cho các số dương:
\(4a^2+4\geq 2\sqrt{4a^2.4}=8a\)
\(6b^2+\frac{8}{3}\geq 2\sqrt{6b^2.\frac{8}{3}}=8b\)
\(3c^2+\frac{16}{3}\geq 2\sqrt{3c^2.\frac{16}{3}}=8c\)
Cộng theo vế:
\(\Rightarrow 4a^2+6b^2+3c^2+12\geq 8(a+b+c)\)
\(\Rightarrow P+12\geq 8.3=24\Rightarrow P\geq 12\)
Vậy \(P_{\min}=12\Leftrightarrow a=1; b=\frac{2}{3}; c=\frac{4}{3}\)
\(A=a+b+c+\dfrac{3}{a}+\dfrac{9}{2b}+\dfrac{4}{c}\\ A=\left(\dfrac{3a}{4}+\dfrac{3}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{9}{2b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{4}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)+\left(\dfrac{a}{4}+\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{3c}{4}\right)\\ A=\left(\dfrac{3a}{4}+\dfrac{3}{a}\right)+\left(\dfrac{b}{2}+\dfrac{9}{2b}\right)+\left(\dfrac{c}{4}+\dfrac{4}{c}\right)+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+2b+3c\right)\\ A\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{3a}{4}\cdot\dfrac{3}{a}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{b}{2}\cdot\dfrac{9}{2b}}+2\sqrt{\dfrac{c}{4}\cdot\dfrac{4}{c}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\cdot20\\ A\ge3+3+2+5=13\\ A_{min}=13\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=3\\c=4\end{matrix}\right.\)
Lời giải:
Bài này bạn sử dụng PP chọn điểm rơi:
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(4a^2+4\geq 8a\)
\(6b^2+\frac{8}{3}\geq 8b\)
\(3c^2+\frac{16}{3}\geq 8c\)
Cộng theo vế các BĐT trên thu được:
\(4a^2+6b^2+3c^2+12\geq 8(a+b+c)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\geq 8.3-12=12\)
Vậy \(A_{\min}=12\Leftrightarrow (a,b,c)=(1,\frac{2}{3}, \frac{4}{3})\)