Cho hai số dương x, y. Tìm giá trị nhỏ nhất của biểu thức
S = (x+y)/(SQRT(x(2x+y)+SQRT(y(2y+x))
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Công thức trên ghi sai, Công thức đúng như dưới đây:
\(S=\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{x\left(2x+y\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(2y+x\right)}}\)
\(S=\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{x\left(2x+y\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(2y+x\right)}}\)
\(S=\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{x\left(2x+y\right)}.1+\sqrt{y\left(2y+x\right)}.1}\)
\(S\ge\frac{x+y}{\frac{3x+y}{2}+\frac{3y+x}{2}}=\frac{2\left(x+y\right)}{4\left(x+y\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\)(BĐT cosi)
Vậy Min = 1/2 <=> x = y
Nhờ giải giúp, công thức trên ghi sai, công thức đúng như dưới đây
S = \(\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{x\left(2x+y\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(2y+x\right)}}\)
Ta có x2-xy+y2=\(\left(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\right)^2+3\left(\dfrac{x-y}{2}\right)^2\)\(\ge\)\(\left(\dfrac{x+y}{2}\right)^2\)
=>\(\dfrac{\sqrt{x^2-xy+y^2}}{x+y+2z}\ge\dfrac{x+y}{2\left(x+y+2z\right)}\)(1) . Tương tự ...
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}y+z=a\\x+z=b\\x+y=c\end{matrix}\right.\)(a,b,c>0). Khi đó ta có :
S=\(\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{c}{a+b}+\dfrac{b}{a+c}+\dfrac{a}{b+c}\right)\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\) (Netbit)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy, ta có: \(\sqrt{x\left(2x+y\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}.\sqrt{3x\left(2x+y\right)}\le\frac{5x+y}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{y\left(2y+x\right)}\le\frac{5y+x}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x\left(2x+y\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(2y+x\right)}\le\frac{6\left(x+y\right)}{2\sqrt{3}}=\frac{3\left(x+y\right)}{\sqrt{3}}\)\(\Rightarrow P=\frac{x+y}{\sqrt{x\left(2x+y\right)}+\sqrt{y\left(2y+x\right)}}\ge\frac{x+y}{\frac{3}{\sqrt{3}}\left(x+y\right)}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi x = y
vì x+y=1\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{1-x}=\sqrt{x+y-x}=\sqrt{y}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+2y}{\sqrt{1-x}}=\frac{x+y+y}{\sqrt{y}}=\frac{y+1}{\sqrt{y}}=\frac{y+\frac{1}{2}}{\sqrt{y}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{y}}\)
ad cau-chy có \(y+\frac{1}{2}\ge2\sqrt{\frac{y}{2}}=\sqrt{2y}\)\(\Rightarrow\frac{x+2y}{\sqrt{1-x}}\ge\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{y}}\)
Tương tự .....\(\Rightarrow P\ge2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\right)\)
cm \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{y}}\ge\frac{4}{\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}}\ge\frac{4}{\sqrt{2\left(x+y\right)}}=\frac{4}{\sqrt{2}}=2\sqrt{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2\sqrt{2}+\frac{1}{2}.2\sqrt{2}=3\sqrt{2}\)
Dấu = xra khi x=y=1/2
k cho mk nha mn ^.^
\(gt\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
\(P=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}+y\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}+z\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\right)\)
\(=\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left(x\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}+y\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-z\right)^2}+z\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2}\right)\)
\(\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}\left[x.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2}+y.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2}+z.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2}\right]\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(z+y\right)}{2yz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+z\right)}{2xz}+\dfrac{\sqrt{5}\left(x+y\right)}{2xy}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(1+1+1\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2=\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\) (bunhia)
Dấu = xảy ra khi \(x=y=z=9\)
Thấy : \(\sqrt{2y^2+yz+2z^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{5}{4}\left(y+z\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(y-z\right)^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(y+z\right)>0\)
CMTT : \(\sqrt{2x^2+xz+2z^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+z\right)\) ; \(\sqrt{2y^2+xy+2x^2}\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{1}{xyz}.\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{2}\left[x\left(y+z\right)+y\left(x+z\right)+z\left(x+y\right)\right]\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\sqrt{5}\left(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\right)\)
Ta có : \(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{xz}=\sqrt{xyz}\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}=1\)
Mặt khác : \(\dfrac{1}{x}+\dfrac{1}{y}+\dfrac{1}{z}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{z}}\right)^2}{3}=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Suy ra : \(P\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{5}}{3}\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=9\)
Ta có : 2P = \(\frac{\sqrt{4x^2-4xy+4y^2}}{x+y+2z}+\frac{\sqrt{4y^2-4yz+4z^2}}{y+z+2x}+\frac{\sqrt{4z^2-4zx+4x^2}}{z+x+2y}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3}y\right)^2}}{x+y+2z}+\frac{\sqrt{\left(2y-z\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3}z\right)^2}}{y+z+2x}+\frac{\sqrt{\left(2z-x\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3}x\right)^2}}{z+x+2y}\)
Lại có \(\frac{\sqrt{\left[\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3}y\right)^2\right]\left[\left(1^2+\left(\sqrt{3}\right)^2\right)\right]}}{x+y+2z}\ge\frac{\left[\left(2x-y\right).1+3y\right]}{x+y+2z}=\frac{2\left(x+y\right)}{x+y+2z}\)
=> \(\sqrt{\frac{\left(2x-y\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{3}y\right)^2}{x+y+2z}}\ge\frac{x+y}{x+y+2z}\)(BĐT Bunyakovsky)
Tương tự ta đươc \(2P\ge\frac{x+y}{x+y+2z}+\frac{y+z}{2x+y+z}+\frac{z+x}{2y+z+x}\)
Đặt x + y = a ; y + z = b ; x + z = c
Khi đó \(2P\ge\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{c+a}+\frac{c}{a+b}=\left(a+b+c\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+c}+\frac{1}{c+a}+\frac{1}{a+b}\right)-3\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+c\right).\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}-3\ge\frac{9}{2}-3=\frac{3}{2}\)
=> \(P\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z
bài 8 : bỏ dấu hoặc rồi tính
a;( 17 - 299) + ( 17 - 25 + 299)
ta có \(\sqrt{x^2-xy+y^2}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2}=\frac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)\)
tương tự ta có các trường hợp còn lại và ta có
\(S\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{x+y}{x+y+2z}+\frac{y+z}{y+z+2x}+\frac{z+x}{z+x+2y}\right)\)
đặt \(x+y=a;y+z=b;z+x=c\)
=> \(S\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}\right)\)
đặt \(A=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+c}+\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a^2}{ab+ac}+\frac{b^2}{ab+bc}+\frac{c^2}{ca+ca}\)
Áp dụng bđt svác sơ ta có
\(A\ge\frac{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\)
mạt khác Áp dụng bđt cô si ta có
\(\hept{\begin{cases}a^2+b^2\ge2ab\\b^2+c^2\ge2bc\\c^2+a^2\ge2ac\end{cases}}\)
=> \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
=> \(\left(a+b+c\right)^2\ge3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\)
=> \(A\ge\frac{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
=> \(S\ge\frac{3}{4}\)
dấu = xảy ra <=> x=y=z>o
ta có \(\sqrt{x^2-xy+y^2}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}x^2+\frac{1}{2}xy+\frac{1}{4y^2}+\frac{3}{4}x^2-\frac{3}{2}xy+\frac{3}{4}y^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(x^2+2xy+y^2\right)+\frac{3}{4}\left(x^2-2xy+y^2\right)}=\sqrt{\frac{1}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2+\frac{3}{4}\left(x-y\right)^2}\)
Vì xyz=1\(\Rightarrow x^2\left(y+z\right)\ge2x^2\sqrt{yz}=2x\sqrt{x}\)
Tương tự \(y^2\left(z+x\right)\ge2y\sqrt{y};z^2=\left(x+y\right)\ge2z\sqrt{z}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{2x\sqrt{x}}{y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}}+\frac{2y\sqrt{y}}{z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}}+\frac{2z\sqrt{z}}{x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}}\)
Đặt \(x\sqrt{x}+2y\sqrt{y}=a;y\sqrt{y}+2z\sqrt{z}=b;z\sqrt{z}+2x\sqrt{x}=c\)
\(\Rightarrow x\sqrt{x}=\frac{4c+a-2b}{9};y\sqrt{y}=\frac{4a+b-2c}{9};z\sqrt{z}=\frac{4b+c-2a}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge\frac{2}{9}\left(\frac{4c+a-2b}{b}+\frac{4a+b-2c}{a}+\frac{4b+c-2a}{b}\right)\)
\(=\frac{2}{9}\text{ }\left[4\left(\frac{c}{b}+\frac{a}{c}+\frac{b}{a}\right)+\left(\frac{a}{b}+\frac{b}{c}+\frac{c}{a}\right)-6\right]\ge\frac{2}{9}\left(4.3+2-6\right)=2\)
Min P =2 khi và chỉ khi a=b=c khi va chỉ khi x=y=z=1