Cho các số thực dương a,b,c thỏa mãn abc=1
Tìm GTNN của\(P=\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{b}{c^2}+\frac{c}{a^2}+\frac{a}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
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Kurosaki Akatsu giải thế thì đề bài cho \(b^2+c^2\le a^2\) để làm gì?
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có :
\(P=\frac{1}{a^2}\left(b^2+c^2\right)+a^2\left(\frac{1}{b^2}+\frac{1}{c^2}\right)\)
\(P=\frac{b^2}{a^2}+\frac{c^2}{a^2}+\frac{a^2}{b^2}+\frac{a^2}{c^2}\ge4.\sqrt[4]{\frac{b^2}{a^2}.\frac{c^2}{a^2}.\frac{a^2}{b^2}.\frac{a^2}{c^2}}=4.1=4\)
=> \(Min_P=4\)
Ta co:
\(P\ge21\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+12\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\frac{2017.9}{2}\)
\(=21\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+12\left(a+b+c\right)^2+\frac{18153}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{P}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge21\left[\left(\frac{a}{a+b+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{b}{a+b+c}\right)^2+\left(\frac{c}{a+b+c}\right)^2\right]+12+\frac{\frac{18153}{2}}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
Dat \(\left(\frac{a}{a+b+c};\frac{b}{a+b+c};\frac{c}{a+b+c}\right)\rightarrow\left(x;y;z\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a+b+c\right)^2=\frac{a^2}{x^2}\)
BDT tro thanh:
\(\frac{P}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge21\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+12+\frac{18153}{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{P}{\frac{a^2}{x^2}}\ge21\left(x^2+y^2+z^2\right)+12+\frac{18153}{2\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge21.\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}+12+\frac{18153}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x^2P}{a^2}\ge7+12+\frac{18153}{8}\)
Ta lai co:\(x=\frac{a}{a+b+c}\ge\frac{a}{2}\Rightarrow a^2\le4x^2\)
Suy ra:\(\frac{x^2P}{a^2}\ge\frac{x^2P}{4x^2}=\frac{P}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{P}{4}\ge\frac{18503}{8}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow P\ge\frac{18503}{2}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)
Vay \(P_{min}=\frac{18503}{2}\)khi \(a=b=c=\frac{2}{3}\)
1a
\(A=\frac{3}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^4+b^4}{2}\ge\frac{6}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}}{2}\)
\(\ge10+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{4}=10+\frac{1}{16}=\frac{161}{16}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vay \(A_{min}=\frac{161}{16}\)
1b.\(B=\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{2ab}+\frac{1}{a^2+b^2}+\frac{a^8+b^8}{4}\ge\frac{2}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{4}{\left(a+b\right)^2}+\frac{\frac{\left(a^4+b^4\right)^2}{2}}{4}\)
\(\ge6+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a^2+b^2\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{8}\ge6+\frac{\left[\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{2}\right]^2}{32}=6+\frac{1}{128}=\frac{769}{128}\)
Dau '=' xay ra khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
Vay \(B_{min}=\frac{769}{128}\)khi \(a=b=\frac{1}{2}\)
\(P=\frac{a^3}{\left(a+1\right)\left(b+1\right)}+\frac{b^3}{\left(b+1\right)\left(c+1\right)}+\frac{c^3}{\left(c+1\right)\left(a+1\right)}-1\)
Dùng bđt AM - GM cho 7 số; 2 số và 3 số không âm, ta được:
\(a^3c^2+a^3c^2+a^3c^2+b^3a^2+b^3a^2+1+1\ge7a\)(1)
\(b^3a^2+b^3a^2+b^3a^2+c^3b^2+c^3b^2+1+1\ge7b\)(2)
\(c^3b^2+c^3b^2+c^3b^2+a^3c^2+a^3c^2+1+1\ge7c\)(3)
\(\frac{a+b+c}{2}+\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\ge3\)
\(a+b+c\ge3\)
Từ (1); (2); (3) suy ra \(a^3c^2+b^3a^2+c^3b^2\ge\frac{7\left(a+b+c\right)}{5}-\frac{6}{5}\)
\(P=\text{Σ}_{cyc}\frac{a}{b^2}+\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\text{Σ}_{cyc}a^3c^2+\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
\(\ge\frac{7\left(a+b+c\right)}{5}+\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}-\frac{6}{5}\)
\(=\frac{a+b+c}{2}+\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}+\frac{9\left(a+b+c\right)}{10}-\frac{6}{5}\)
\(\ge3+\frac{9}{10}.3-\frac{6}{5}=\frac{9}{2}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi a = b = c = 1
Bài toán số 41 có 2 cách làm, tôi làm cách thứ 2
Đặt \(Q=\sqrt{\frac{x}{y+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{y}{x+z}}+\sqrt{\frac{z}{x+y}}\)\(\Rightarrow Q^2=\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}+2\left(\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(y+z\right)\left(x+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(x+z\right)\left(y+z\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\right)\)ta thấy rằng \(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}=\frac{1}{4}\left(\frac{x}{y+z}+\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{x+y}\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\)
\(=\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}+\frac{xyz}{4}\left(\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{y+z}+\frac{1}{z+x}\right)\ge\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có \(\sqrt{\frac{yx}{\left(z+x\right)\left(x+y\right)}}\ge\frac{2yx}{2\sqrt{\left(xy+yz\right)\left(yz+yx\right)}}\ge\frac{2xy}{2xy+yz+xz}\ge\frac{2xy}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{xy}{xy+yz+zx}\)
Tương tự ta có \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(z+x\right)\left(z+y\right)}}\ge\frac{yz}{xy+yz+zx}\\\sqrt{\frac{xz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\ge\frac{xz}{xy+yz+zx}\end{cases}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\frac{xy}{\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{yz}{\left(z+x\right)\left(x+y\right)}}+\sqrt{\frac{zx}{\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)}}\ge1\)nên \(Q\ge\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{4}+2}\)
\(\Rightarrow Q\ge\sqrt{\frac{x^2+y^2+z^2}{2}+4}+\frac{4}{\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}}\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{x^2+y^2+z^2}\Rightarrow t\ge\sqrt{xy+yz+zx}=2\)
Xét hàm số g(t)=\(\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{2}+4}+\frac{4}{t}\left(t\ge2\right)\)khi đó ta có
\(g'\left(t\right)=\frac{t}{2\sqrt{\frac{t^2}{2}+4}}-\frac{4}{t^2};g'\left(t\right)=0\Leftrightarrow t^6-32t^2-256=0\Leftrightarrow t=2\sqrt{2}\)
Lập bảng biến thiên ta có min[2;\(+\infty\)) \(g\left(t\right)=g\left(2\sqrt{2}\right)=3\sqrt{2}\)
Hay minS=\(3\sqrt{2}\)<=> a=c=1; b=2
Đặt a=xc; b=cy (x;y >=1)
\(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{y-1}=\sqrt{xy}\Leftrightarrow x+y-2+2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}=xy\)
\(\Leftrightarrow xy-x-y+1-2\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}+1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-1\right)\left(y-1\right)}=1\Leftrightarrow xy=x+y\ge2\sqrt{xy}\Rightarrow xy\ge4\)
Biểu thức P được viết lại như sau
\(P=\frac{x}{y+1}+\frac{y}{x+1}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}=\frac{x^2}{xy+x}+\frac{y^2}{xy+y}+\frac{1}{x^2+y^2}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy}\)
\(P\ge\frac{\left(x+y\right)^2}{2xy+x+y}+\frac{1}{x+y}+\frac{1}{\left(x+y\right)^2-2xy}=\frac{xy}{3}+\frac{1}{xy}+\frac{1}{x^2y^2-2xy}=\frac{x^3y^3-2x^2y^2+3xy-3}{3\left(x^2y^2-2xy\right)}\)
Đặt t=xy với t>=4
Xét hàm số \(f\left(t\right)=\frac{t^3-2t^2+3t-3}{t^2-2t}\left(t\ge4\right)\)
Ta có \(f'\left(t\right)=\frac{t^4-4t^3+t^2+6t-6}{\left(t^2-2t\right)^2}=\frac{t^3\left(t-4\right)+6\left(t-4\right)+18}{\left(t^2-2t\right)^2}>0\forall t\ge4\)
Lập bảng biến thiên ta có \(minf\left(t\right)=f\left(4\right)=\frac{41}{8}\)
Vậy \(minP=\frac{41}{24}\)khi x=y=z=2 hay a=b=2c
\(A=\frac{1}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{1}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{1}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{abc}{a^2\left(b+c\right)}+\frac{abc}{b^2\left(c+a\right)}+\frac{abc}{c^2\left(a+b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{bc}{ab+ac}+\frac{ac}{bc+ba}+\frac{ab}{ac+bc}\)
Đặt: \(ab=x;bc=y;ac=z\)=> xyz = 1; x,y,z>0
\(A=\frac{y}{x+z}+\frac{z}{y+x}+\frac{x}{z+y}=\frac{y^2}{xy+yz}+\frac{z^2}{yz+xz}+\frac{x^2}{zx+xy}\)
\(\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{2\left(xy+xz+xz\right)}\ge\frac{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}{2\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> x = y = z= 1 => a = b = c = 1
Vậy gtnn của A = 3/2 tại a = b = c = 1
Đề phải là : \(\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}\)
Đặt \(a=\frac{1}{x};b=\frac{1}{y};c=\frac{1}{z}\left(x;y;z>0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{a}{b^2}=\frac{y^2}{x};\frac{b}{c^2}=\frac{z^2}{y};\frac{c}{a^2}=\frac{x^2}{z};xyz=1\)
\(\frac{9}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{9}{\frac{2\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}}\left(abc=1\right)=\frac{9}{2\left(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ac}\right)}=\frac{9}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
Khi đó , ta có : \(P=\frac{x^2}{z}+\frac{y^2}{x}+\frac{z^2}{y}+\frac{9}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}\)
\(=\frac{x^2}{z}+z+\frac{y^2}{x}+x+\frac{z^2}{y}+y+\frac{9}{2\left(xy+yz+xz\right)}-x-y-z\)
AD BĐT Cauchy , ta có :
\(P\ge2x+2y+2z+\frac{9}{\frac{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{3}}-\left(x+y+z\right)=x+y+z+\frac{27}{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\)
\(=\frac{x+y+z}{2}+\frac{x+y+z}{2}+\frac{27}{2\left(x+y+z\right)^2}\ge3.\sqrt[3]{\frac{27}{8}}=\frac{9}{2}\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=1\)