D=3/4+8/9+15/16+...+399/400
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(\dfrac{4}{3}\cdot\dfrac{9}{8}\cdot\dfrac{16}{15}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{400}{399}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\cdot2}{1\cdot3}\cdot\dfrac{3\cdot3}{2\cdot4}\cdot\dfrac{4\cdot4}{3\cdot5}\cdot...\cdot\dfrac{20\cdot20}{19\cdot21}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\cdot2\cdot3\cdot3\cdot4\cdot4\cdot...\cdot20\cdot20}{1\cdot3\cdot2\cdot4\cdot3\cdot5\cdot...\cdot19\cdot21}\)
\(=\dfrac{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot...\cdot20}{1\cdot2\cdot3\cdot...\cdot19}\cdot\dfrac{2\cdot3\cdot4\cdot...\cdot20}{3\cdot4\cdot5\cdot...\cdot21}\)
\(=20\cdot\dfrac{2}{21}\)
\(=\dfrac{40}{21}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
A = 3/4 + 8/9 + 15/16 + ... + 399/400
A = 1 - 1/4 + 1 - 1/9 + 1 - 1/16 + ... + 1 - 1/400
A = (1 + 1 + 1 + ... +1) - (1/4 + 1/9 + 1/16 + ... + 1/400)
A = 19 - (1/2.2 + 1/3.3 + 1/4.4 + ... + 1/20.20)
đặt b = 1/2.2 + 1/3.3 + 1/4.4 + ... + 1/20.20
có 1/2.2 < 1/1.2 ; 1/3.3 < 1/2.3 ; ... 1/20.20 < 1/19.20
=> b < 1/1.2 + 1/2.3 + 1/3.4 + ... + 1/19.20
=> b < 1 - 1/2 + 1/2 - 1/3 + 1/3 - 1/4 + ... + 1/19 - 1/20
=> b < 1 - 1/20
=> b < 1
mà A = 19 - b
=> A > 18
\(A=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{8}{9}+\frac{15}{16}+...+\frac{399}{400}\)
\(=\frac{2^2-1}{2^2}+\frac{3^2-1}{3^2}+.....+\frac{20^2-1}{20^2}\)
\(=19-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+.....+\frac{1}{20^2}\right)\)
\(>19-\left(\frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+....+\frac{1}{19\cdot20}\right)\)
\(=19-\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+......+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}\right)\)
\(=19-\left(1-\frac{1}{20}\right)\)
\(>19-1=18\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(M=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{8}{9}+\frac{15}{16}+...+\frac{399}{400}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{2^2-1}{2^2}+\frac{3^2-1}{3^2}+\frac{4^2-1}{4^2}+....+\frac{20^2-1}{20^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{2^2}{2^2}-\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{3^2}{3^2}-\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{4^2}{4^2}-\frac{1}{4^2}+....+\frac{20^2}{20^2}-\frac{1}{20^2}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=19-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+.....+\frac{1}{20^2}\right)\)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+....+\frac{1}{20^2}< \frac{1}{1\cdot2}+\frac{1}{2\cdot3}+...+\frac{1}{19\cdot20}\)
\(=\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}\)
\(=\frac{19}{20}< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow A< 1\)
\(\Rightarrow M>18\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
A=(1-\(\frac{1}{4}\))+(1-\(\frac{1}{9}\))+(1-\(\frac{1}{16}\))+...+(1-\(\frac{1}{400}\)).
A=19-(\(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{20^2}\))
Ta thấy \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{20^2}<\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{19.20}\)
=\(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}=1-\frac{1}{20}<1\)
=>A>19-1=18(đpcm)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Xét A= \(\frac{3}{4}\)+ \(\frac{8}{9}\) +...+ \(\frac{399}{400}\)
= (1 - \(\frac{1}{2^2}\)) + (1- \(\frac{1}{3^2}\)) +...+ (1- \(\frac{1}{20^2}\))
= (1+1+1+...+1) - (\(\frac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\frac{1}{3^2}\)+...+ \(\frac{1}{20^2}\)) Bạn phải mở ngoặc có 19 số 1 nha!
= 19 - (\(\frac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\frac{1}{3^2}\)+...+ \(\frac{1}{20^2}\))
Đặt B =\(\frac{1}{2^2}\) + \(\frac{1}{3^2}\)+...+ \(\frac{1}{20^2}\) < \(\frac{1}{1.2}\) + \(\frac{1}{2.3}\) +...+ \(\frac{1}{19.20}\) = 1- \(\frac{1}{2}\) + \(\frac{1}{2}\) - \(\frac{1}{3}\) +...+ \(\frac{1}{19}\) - \(\frac{1}{20}\) = 1 - \(\frac{1}{20}\) = \(\frac{19}{20}\)
=> A= 19 - B= 18+ 1- \(\frac{19}{20}\) >18 => A>18
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(A=\frac{3}{4}+\frac{8}{9}+\frac{15}{16}+...+\frac{399}{400}\)
\(=\left(1-\frac{1}{4}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{9}\right)+\left(1-\frac{1}{16}\right)+...+\left(1-\frac{1}{400}\right)\)
\(=\left(1+1+1+...+1\right)-\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{9}+\frac{1}{16}+...+\frac{1}{400}\right)\)
\(=20-\left(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+\frac{1}{4^2}+...+\frac{1}{20^2}\right)< 20\) (1)
Đặt B = \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{20^2}\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{2^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}=1-\frac{1}{2}\)
\(\frac{1}{3^2}< \frac{1}{2.3}=\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}\)
.......
\(\frac{1}{20^2}< \frac{1}{19.20}=\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow B< 1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{19}-\frac{1}{20}=1-\frac{1}{20}=\frac{19}{20}\)
\(\Rightarrow A>20-1=19\) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => 19 < A < 20
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