1. Rút gọn các biểu thức sau:
a) (a+b)^2-(a-b)^2
b) (a+b)^3-(a-b)^3-2b^3
c) (x+y+z)^2-2(x+y+z)(x+y)+(x+y)^2
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a)(x+y+z)2 - 2(x+y+z)(x+y)+(x+y)2
=[(x+y+z)-(x-y)]2
=(x+y+z-x-y)2
=z2
b) (a+b)3 - (a - b)3 - 2b3
=[(a+b)-(a-b)][(a+b)2+(a+b)(a-b)+(a-b)2]-2b3
=(a+b-a+b)(a2+2ab+b2+a2-b2+a2-2ab+b2)-2b3
=2b(3a2+b2)-2b3
=6a2b+2b3-2b3
=6a2b
c) (a + b)2 - (a - b)2=[a+b+(a-b)][a+b-(a-b)]=(a+b+a-b)(a+b-a+b)
=2a.2b=4ab
Bài 1:
a, ( a+ b + a - b)(a + b - a + b )
= 2a . 2b
= 4ab
c, = (x + y + z - x - y )2 = z2
Bài 1:
a) \(\left(a+b\right)^2-\left(a-b\right)^2\)
\(=\left(a+b+\left(a-b\right)\right).\left(a+b-\left(a-b\right)\right)\)
\(=2a.2b\)
\(=4ab\)
Câu 1:
a) (a +b )2 - ( a -b )2
=a2+b2-a2+b2
=2b2
b) (a + b )3- ( a - b )3 - 2b3
=a3+b3-a+b3-2b3
=a3-a
c) ( x+y+z)2 - 2(x+y+z)(x+y) + (x + y )2
=x2+xy+xz+xy+y2+yz+xz+yz+z2-2.(x2+xy+xz+xy+y2+yz)+x2+xy+xy+y2
=x2+y2+z2+2xy+2xz+2yz-2x2-2y2-4xy-2xz-2yz+x2+2xy+y2
=0
a) (a + b)2 – (a – b)2
= (a2 + 2ab + b2) – (a2 – 2ab + b2)
= a2 + 2ab + b2 – a2 + 2ab - b2
= 4ab
b) (a + b)3 – (a – b)3 – 2b3
= (a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3) – (a3 – 3a2b + 3ab2 – b3) – 2b3
= a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 – a3 + 3a2b - 3ab2 + b3 – 2b3
= 6a2b
c) (x + y + z)2 – 2(x + y + z)(x + y) + (x + y)2
= x2 + y2 + z2+ 2xy + 2yz + 2xz – 2(x2 + xy + yx + y2 + zx + zy) + x2 + 2xy + y2
= 2x2 + 2y2 + z2 + 4xy + 2yz + 2xz – 2x2 – 4xy – 2y2 – 2xz – 2yz
= z2
Bài giải:
a) (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = (a2 + 2ab + b2) – (a2 – 2ab + b2)
= a2 + 2ab + b2 – a2 + 2ab - b2 = 4ab
Hoặc (a + b)2 – (a – b)2 = [(a + b) + (a – b)][(a + b) – (a – b)]
= (a + b + a – b)(a + b – a + b)
= 2a . 2b = 4ab
b) (a + b)3 – (a – b)3 – 2b3
= (a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3) – (a3 – 3a2b + 3ab2 – b3) – 2b3
= a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 – a3 + 3a2b - 3ab2 + b3 – 2b3
= 6a2b
Hoặc (a + b)3 – (a – b)3 – 2b3 = [(a + b)3 – (a – b)3] – 2b3
= [(a + b) – (a – b)][(a + b)2 + (a + b)(a – b) + (a – b)2] – 2b3
= (a + b – a + b)(a2 + 2ab + b2 + a2 – b2 + a2 – 2ab + b2) – 2b3
= 2b . (3a2 + b2) – 2b3 = 6a2b + 2b3 – 2b3 = 6a2b
c) (x + y + z)2 – 2(x + y + z)(x + y) + (x + y)2
= x2 + y2 + z2+ 2xy + 2yz + 2xz – 2(x2 + xy + yx + y2 + zx + zy) + x2 + 2xy + y2
= 2x2 + 2y2 + z2 + 4xy + 2yz + 2xz – 2x2 – 4xy – 2y2 – 2xz – 2yz = z2
Bài 2:
a) \(\left(x+5\right)^2=x^2+10x+25\)
b) \(\left(\dfrac{5}{2}-t\right)^2=\dfrac{25}{4}-5t+t^2\)
c) \(\left(2u+3v\right)^2=4u^2+12uv+9v^2\)
d) \(\left(-\dfrac{1}{8}a+\dfrac{2}{3}bc\right)^2=\dfrac{1}{64}a^2-\dfrac{1}{6}abc+\dfrac{4}{9}b^2c^2\)
e) \(\left(\dfrac{x}{y}-\dfrac{1}{z}\right)^2=\dfrac{x^2}{y^2}-\dfrac{2x}{yz}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\)
f) \(\left(\dfrac{mn}{4}-\dfrac{x}{6}\right)\left(\dfrac{mn}{4}+\dfrac{x}{6}\right)=\dfrac{m^2n^2}{16}-\dfrac{x^2}{36}\)
Bài 1:
$M=(2a+b)^2-(b-2a)^2=[(2a+b)-(b-2a)][(2a+b)+(b-2a)]$
$=4a.2b=8ab$
$N=(3a+1)^2+2a(1-2b)+(2b-1)^2$
$=(9a^2+6a+1)+2a-4ab+(4b^2-4b+1)$
$=9a^2+8a+4b^2-4b-4ab+2$
$A=(m-n)^2+4mn=m^2-2mn+n^2+4mn$
$=m^2+2mn+n^2=(m+n)^2$
a) Ta có: (a+b)2 - (a-b)2
= (a+b+a-b)(a+b-a+b)
= 2a.2b
= 4ab
b) Ta có: (a+b)3 - (a-b)3 - 2b3
= a3 + 3a2b + 3ab2 + b3 - a3 + 3a2b - 3ab2 + b3 - 2b3
= 6a2b
c) Ta có: (x+y+z)2 - 2(x+y+z)(x+y) + (x+y)2
= (x+y+z-x-y)2
= z2