hòa tan 2,84g hh 2 muối CaCO3 vàMgCO3 bằng dd HCl thấy bay ra 672ml khí CO2 ở đktc tính tp % kl mỗi chất trong hh ban đầu
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a)
Gọi CTTQ hỗn hợp là $RCO_3$
$RCO_3 + 2HCl \to RCl_2 +C O_2 + H_2O$
$n_{hh} = n_{CO_2} = \dfrac{0,672}{22,4} = 0,03(mol)$
$\Rightarrow M_{hh} = R + 60 = \dfrac{2,84}{0,03} = 94,6 \Rightarrow R = 34,6$
Vậy hai kim loại trên là Magie và Canxi
b)
Gọi $n_{MgCO_3} = a ; n_{CaCO_3}= b$
Ta có :
$84a + 100b = 2,84$
$a + b = 0,03$
Suy ra : a = 0,01 ; b = 0,02
$n_{HCl\ dư} = 0,12.0,5 - 0,03.2 = 0$ nên HCl hết
$C_{M_{MgCl_2}} = \dfrac{0,01}{0,12} = 0,083M$
$C_{M_{CaCl_2}} = \dfrac{0,02}{0,12} = 0,167M$
\(n_{CO_2}=0,04\left(mol\right)\\Đặt:n_{CaCO_3}=a\left(mol\right);n_{MgCO_3}=b\left(mol\right)\left(a,b>0\right)\\ CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ MgCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+CO_2+H_2O\\ \Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}100a+84b=3,68\\a+b=0,04\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,02\\b=0,02\end{matrix}\right.\\ \Rightarrow\%m_{CaCO_3}=\dfrac{0,02.100}{3,68}.100\approx54,348\%\\ \%m_{MgCO_3}\approx100\%-54,348\%\approx45,652\%\)
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Al}=x\\n_{Zn}=y\\n_{Cu}=z\end{matrix}\right.\) ( mol )
\(m_{hh}=27x+65y+64z=22,8\left(g\right)\) (1)
\(2Al+6HCl\rightarrow2AlCl_3+3H_2\uparrow\)
x 1,5x ( mol )
\(Zn+2HCl\rightarrow ZnCl_2+H_2\uparrow\)
y y ( mol )
\(n_{H_2}=1,5x+y=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\) (2)
B là Cu
\(2Cu+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2CuO\)
z z ( mol )
\(n_{CuO}=z=\dfrac{5,5}{80}=0,06875\left(mol\right)\) (3)
\(\left(1\right);\left(2\right);\left(3\right)\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,2\\y=0,2\\z=0,06875\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Al}=0,2.27=5,4\left(g\right)\\m_{Zn}=0,2.65=13\left(g\right)\\m_{Cu}=22,8-5,4-13=4,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2|\)
1 2 1 1
0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05
\(MgO+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2O|\)
1 2 1 1
0,2 0,4 0,2
a) \(n_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.1}{1}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{Mg}=0,05.24=1,2\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{MgO}=9,2-1,2=8\left(g\right)\)
0/0Mg = \(\dfrac{1,2.100}{9,2}=13,04\)0/0
0/0MgO = \(\dfrac{8.100}{9,2}=86,96\)0/0
b) Có : \(m_{MgO}=8\left(g\right)\)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{8}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl\left(tổng\right)}=0,1+0,4=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{HCl}=0,5.36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)
c) \(n_{MgCl2\left(tổng\right)}=0,05+0,2=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{MgCl2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddspu}=9,2+125-\left(0,05.2\right)=134,1\left(g\right)\)
\(C_{MgCl2}=\dfrac{23,75.100}{134,1}=17,71\)0/0
Chúc bạn học tốt
a)\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1,12}{22,4}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Mg + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2
Mol: 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,05
PTHH: MgO + 2HCl → MgCl2 + H2O
Mol: 0,2 0,4 0,2
\(\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,05.24.100\%}{9,2}=13,04\%;\%m_{MgO}=100-13,04=86,96\%\)
\(n_{MgO}=\dfrac{9,2-0,05.24}{40}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
b,\(m_{HCl}=\left(0,1+0,4\right).36,5=18,25\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{18,25.100}{14,6}=125\left(g\right)\)
c,mdd sau pứ = 9,2+125-0,05.2 = 134,1 (g)
\(C\%_{ddMgCl_2}=\dfrac{\left(0,05+0,2\right).95.100\%}{134,1}=17,71\%\)
\(\text{Đặt }n_{Al}=x(mol);n_{Fe}=y(mol)\\ \Rightarrow 27x+56y=13,9(1)\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35(mol)\\ a,PTHH:2Al+6HCl\to 2AlCl_3+3H_2(1)\\ Fe+2HCl\to FeCl_2+H_2(2)\\ b,\text{Từ 2 PT: }1,5x+y=0,35(2)\\ (1)(2)\Rightarrow x=0,1(mol);y=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7(g)\\ m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2(g)\)
\(c,n_{HCl(1)}=3n_{Al}=0,3(mol);n_{AlCl_3}=0,1(mol);n_{H_2(1)}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m_{dd_{HCl(1)}}=\dfrac{0,3.36,5}{14,6\%}=75(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{AlCl_3}=\dfrac{0,1.133,5}{2,7+75-0,15.2}.100\%=17,25\%\)
\(n_{HCl(2)}=2n_{Fe}=0,4(mol);n_{FeCl_2}=n_{H_2(2)}=n_{Fe}=0,2(mol)\\ \Rightarrow m{dd_{HCl(2)}}=\dfrac{0,4.36,5}{14,6\%}=100(g)\\ \Rightarrow C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{11,2+100-0,2.2}.100\%=22,92\%\)
a) 2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b) Gọi số mol Al, Fe lần lượt là a,b
=> 27a + 56b = 13,9
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{7,84}{22,4}=0,35\left(mol\right)\)
2Al + 6HCl --> 2AlCl3 + 3H2
a----->3a--------->a------->1,5a______(mol)
Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
b------>2b-------->b----->b__________(mol)
=> 1,5a + b = 0,35
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1=>m_{Al}=0,1.27=2,7\left(g\right)\\b=0,2=>m_{Fe}=0,2.56=11,2\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
c) nHCl = 3a + 2b = 0,7 (mol)
=> mHCl = 0,7.36,5 = 25,55(g)
=> \(m_{ddHCl}=\dfrac{25,55.100}{14,6}=175\left(g\right)\)
\(m_{dd\left(saupu\right)}=13,9+175-2.0,35=188,2\left(g\right)\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{AlCl_3}=0,1.133,5=13,35\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl_2}=0,2.127=25,4\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%\left(AlCl_3\right)=\dfrac{13,35}{188,2}.100\%=7,1\%\\C\%\left(FeCl_2\right)=\dfrac{25,4}{188,2}.100\%=13,5\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
ta có 200cm3=0,2 lítn hcl=2*0,2=0,4 molgọi số mol của caco3 là a,na2co3 là bcaco3 + 2hcl -> cacl2 + co2 + h2oa(mol)---2a(mol)--a-------a--------ana2co3 + 2hcl -> 2nacl + co2 + h2ob(mol)---2b(mol)---2b-------b------bta có100a+106b=20,62a+2b=0,4=> a=b=0,1 mol=> m caco3=10g; m na2co3=10,6 g
PTHH: \(Na_2CO_3+2HCl\rightarrow2NaCl+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\) (1)
\(CaCO_3+2HCl\rightarrow CaCl_2+H_2O+CO_2\uparrow\) (2)
a) Ta có: \(\Sigma n_{HCl}=0,2\cdot2=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của Na2CO3 là \(a\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(1\right)}=2a\left(mol\right)\)
Gọi số mol của CaCO3 là \(b\) \(\Rightarrow n_{HCl\left(2\right)}=2b\left(mol\right)\)
Ta lập được hệ phương trình:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a+2b=0,4\\106a+100b=20,6\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=0,1\\b=0,1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CaCO_3}=0,1\cdot100=10\left(g\right)\\m_{Na_2CO_3}=10,6\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) Theo PTHH: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{NaCl}=2n_{Na_2CO_3}=0,2mol\\n_{CaCl_2}=n_{CaCO_3}=0,1mol\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{NaCl}=0,2\cdot58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\\m_{CaCl_2}=0,1\cdot111=11,1\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
Mặt khác: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{CO_2}=0,2\cdot44=8,8\left(g\right)\\m_{ddHCl}=200\cdot1,2=240\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd\left(saup/ư\right)}=m_{hh}+m_{ddHCl}-m_{CO_2}=251,8\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}C\%_{NaCl}=\dfrac{11,7}{251,8}\cdot100\%\approx4,65\%\\C\%_{CaCl_2}=\dfrac{11,1}{251,8}\cdot100\%\approx4,41\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
- Gọi x,y lần lượt là khối lượng của CaCO3 và MgCO trong hh (x,y >0) (g)
nCaCO3= x(mol)=> mCaCO3= 100x(g)
nMgCO3= y(mol) => mMgCO3= 84y(g)
=> mCaCO3+ mMgCO3= mhh
<=> 100x+ 84y= 2,84 (a)
PTHH: (1) CaCO3 + 2 HCl -> CaCl2 + H2O + CO2
(2) MgCO3 + 2 HCl -> MgCl2 + H2O + CO2
Ta có: nCO2(tổng)= (672:1000):22,4= 0,03(mol)
nCO2(1)= nCaCO3= x(mol); nCO2(2)= nMgCO3= y(mol)
=> nCO2(1) + nCO2(2)= nCO2(tổng)
<=> x+y= 0,03 (b)
Từ (a),(b) ta có hpt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}100x+84y=2,84\\x+y=0,03\end{matrix}\right.\)
Giaỉ hpt: x= 0,02 ; y= 0,01
=> mCaCO3= 100x= 100. 0,02= 2(g)
=> %mCaCO3= (2/ 2,84).100 \(\approx\) 70,423%
=> %mMgCO3 \(\approx\)100% - 70,423%= 29,577%