cho 3 số thực dương a,b,c
Chứng minh rằng : \(\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ca}+\dfrac{c^3}{ab}\ge a+b+c\)
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\(1+\dfrac{9}{3\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}\ge1+\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}\ge2\sqrt{\dfrac{9}{\left(a+b+c\right)^2}}=\dfrac{6}{a+b+c}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a}{b\left(b^2+a\right)}+\dfrac{b}{c\left(c^2+b\right)}+\dfrac{c}{a\left(a^2+c\right)}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{a+b^2-b^2}{b\left(b^2+a\right)}+\dfrac{b+c^2-c^2}{c\left(c^2+b\right)}+\dfrac{c+a^2-a^2}{a\left(a^2+c\right)}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{b}-\dfrac{b}{b^2+a}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{c}{c^2+b}+\dfrac{1}{a}-\dfrac{a}{a^2+c}\)
\(VT=\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\left(\dfrac{b}{b^2+a}+\dfrac{c}{c^2+b}+\dfrac{a}{a^2+c}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{b}{b^2+a}\le\dfrac{b}{2b\sqrt{a}}=\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{a}}\)
Thiết lập tương tự và thu lại tao có
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{a}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{b}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{c}}\right)\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{a}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}+1}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{b}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{b}+1}{2};\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{c}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{c}+1}{2}\)
Thu lại ta có
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{2}\left(\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+3}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}-\dfrac{1}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}+3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)-\dfrac{3}{4}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cauchy dạng phân thức
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{3}{4}\left(\dfrac{1}{a}+\dfrac{1}{b}+\dfrac{1}{c}\right)-\dfrac{3}{4}\ge\dfrac{3}{4}.\dfrac{9}{a+b+c}-\dfrac{3}{4}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
\(\Rightarrow VT\ge\dfrac{3}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
Lời giải:
Do \(3=ab+bc+ac\) nên ta có:
\(P=\frac{a^3}{b^2+3}+\frac{b^3}{c^2+3}+\frac{c^3}{a^2+3}\)
\(=\frac{a^3}{b^2+ab+bc+ac}+\frac{b^3}{c^2+ab+bc+ac}+\frac{c^3}{a^2+ab+bc+ac}\)
\(=\frac{a^3}{(b+c)(b+a)}+\frac{b^3}{(c+a)(c+b)}+\frac{c^3}{(a+b)(a+c)}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM:
\(\frac{a^3}{(b+c)(b+a)}+\frac{b+c}{8}+\frac{b+a}{8}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{a^3}{64}}=\frac{3a}{4}\)
\(\frac{b^3}{(c+a)(c+b)}+\frac{c+a}{8}+\frac{c+b}{8}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{b^3}{64}}=\frac{3b}{4}\)
\(\frac{c^3}{(a+b)(a+c)}+\frac{a+b}{8}+\frac{a+c}{8}\geq 3\sqrt[3]{\frac{c^3}{64}}=\frac{3c}{4}\)
Cộng các BĐT trên vào và rút gọn:
\(\Rightarrow P+\frac{a+b+c}{2}\geq \frac{3}{4}(a+b+c)\)
\(\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{a+b+c}{4}(1)\)
Ta có một hệ quả quen thuộc của BĐT AM-GM đó là:
\((a+b+c)^2\geq 3(ab+bc+ac)\Leftrightarrow (a+b+c)^2\geq 9\)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c\geq 3(2)\)
Từ \((1); (2)\Rightarrow P\geq \frac{3}{4}\) (đpcm)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}=\dfrac{a^4}{ab}+\dfrac{b^4}{bc}+\dfrac{c^4}{ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)^2}{ab+bc+ca}\ge\dfrac{\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\left(ab+bc+ca\right)}{ab+bc+ca}=a^2+b^2+c^2\)
Mặt khác ta có:
\(\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(c-a\right)^2+\left(a-1\right)^2+\left(b-1\right)^2+\left(c-1\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(a+b+c+ab+bc+ca\right)-3=9\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
Từ đó suy ra đpcm
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức Cô si cho hai số dương ta có:
(a2 + b2) + (b2 + c2) + (c2 + a2) ≥ 2ab + 2bc + 2ca
=> 2(a2 + b2 + c2 ) ≥ 2 (ab + bc + ca) (1) (a2 + 1) + (b2 + c2) + (c2 + a2) ≥ 2a + 2b + 2c
=> a2 + b2 + c2 + 3 ≥ 2(a + b + c) (2)
Cộng các vế của (1) và (2) ta có:
3 ( a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 3 ≥ 2 (ab + bc + ca + a + b + c)
=> 3( a2 + b2 + c2 ) + 3 ≥ 12 => a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ 3.
Ta có: (a^3/b + ab ) + ( b^3/c + bc ) + ( c^3/a + ca)≥ 2(a2 + b2 + c2) (CÔ SI)
<=>a^3/b + b^3/c + c^3/a +ab + bc + ac ≥ 2(a2 + b2 + c2)
Vì a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ ab + bc + ca => a^3 + b^3 + c^3 ≥ a2 + b2 + c2 ≥ 3 (đpcm).
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức cô-si cho hai số dương ta có:
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+a^2\right)\ge2ab+2bc+2ca\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca\right)\) (1)
\(\left(a^2+b^2\right)+\left(b^2+c^2\right)+\left(c^2+a^2\right)\ge2a+2b+2c\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2+3\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)\) (2)
Cộng (1) với (2)
\(3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge2\left(ab+bc+ca+a+b+c\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)+3\ge12\)
\(\Rightarrow a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\)
Ta có: \(\left(\dfrac{a^3}{b}+ab\right)+\left(\dfrac{b^3}{c}+bc\right)+\left(\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ca\right)\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}+ab+bc+ca\ge2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)\)
Vì \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{b}+\dfrac{b^3}{c}+\dfrac{c^3}{a}\ge a^2+b^2+c^2\ge3\) (đpcm).
Ta có: \(\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ca}+\dfrac{c^3}{ab}+2a+2b+2c\)
\(=\left(\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+b+c\right)+\left(\dfrac{b^3}{ca}+a+c\right)+\left(\dfrac{c^3}{ab}+a+b\right)\ge3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{a^3}{bc}.b.c}+3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{b^3}{ca}.a.c}+3\sqrt[3]{\dfrac{c^3}{ab}.a.b}=3a+3b+3c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ca}+\dfrac{c^3}{ab}+2a+2b+2c\ge3a+3b+3c\)
\(\Rightarrow\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ca}+\dfrac{c^3}{ab}\ge a+b+c\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\)
Ta có: \(A=\dfrac{a^3}{bc}+\dfrac{b^3}{ca}+\dfrac{c^3}{ab}=\dfrac{a^4}{abc}+\dfrac{b^4}{abc}+\dfrac{c^4}{abc}\)(do \(a;b;c>0\) )
Áp dụng BĐT \(a^2+b^2+c^2\ge ab+bc+ca\)(\("="\Leftrightarrow a=b=c\))
\(A=\dfrac{a^4+b^4+c^4}{abc}=\dfrac{\left(a^2\right)^2+\left(b^2\right)^2+\left(c^2\right)^2}{abc}\ge\)
\(\ge\dfrac{a^2b^2+b^2c^2+c^2a^2}{abc}\ge\dfrac{abc\left(a+b+c\right)}{abc}=a+b+c\)