Cho a,b,c > 0 và a + b + c = 2019
Tìm GTNN của
S = \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ca=a^2}\)
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LQ
1
13 tháng 8 2020
Đặt S = \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ac+a^2}\)
\(S=\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\\ =\sqrt{a^2+2ab+b^2-3ab}+\sqrt{b^2+2bc+c^2-3bc}+\sqrt{c^2+2ca+a^2-3ca}\\ =\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot4ab}+\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot4bc}+\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot4ca}\)
Áp dụng BĐT cô - si ta có :
\(\Rightarrow S=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot4ab}+\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot4bc}+\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot4ca}\\ \ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\left(a+b\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\left(b+c\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\left(c+a\right)^2}\\ =\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(b+c\right)^2}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(c+a\right)^2}\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(c+a\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)\\ =a+b+c\\ =2019\)
Dấu " = " xảy ra khi \(\hept{\begin{cases}a=b=c\\a+b+c=2019\end{cases}\Rightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=673\\b=673\\c=673\end{cases}}}\)
Vậy Min S = 2019 <=> a=b=c = 673
3 tháng 9 2017
Ta có :
\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}=\frac{a\left(a+b\right)-ab}{a+b}=a-\frac{ab}{a+b}\text{≥}a-\frac{ab}{2\sqrt{ab}}=a-\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}\)(1)
Tương tự : \(\hept{\begin{cases}\frac{b^2}{b+c}\text{≥}b-\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}\left(2\right)\\\frac{c^2}{c+a}\text{≥}c-\frac{\sqrt{ac}}{2}\left(3\right)\end{cases}}\)
Cộng vế với vế của (1);(2)(;(3) lại ta được :
\(\frac{a^2}{a+b}+\frac{b^2}{b+c}+\frac{c^2}{a+c}\text{≥}a+b+c-\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}-\frac{\sqrt{ac}}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A\text{≥}\left(a+b+c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ab}\right)+\left(\frac{\sqrt{ab}}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{bc}}{2}+\frac{\sqrt{ac}}{2}\right)\)
Lại lại có : \(a+b+c\text{≥}\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\) (tự chứng minh)
\(\Rightarrow a+b+c-\sqrt{ab}-\sqrt{bc}-\sqrt{ab}\text{≥}0\)
Nên \(A\text{≥}\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{ab}+\sqrt{ac}+\sqrt{bc}\right)=\frac{1}{2}\)có GTNN là 1/2
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\frac{1}{3}\)
E
2 tháng 10 2018
Ta có: \(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}=\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a-b\right)^2}\ge\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)\)
Tương tự: \(\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)\)
\(\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(c+a\right)\)
\(P\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(c+a\right)=a+b+c=2019\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a = b = c = 673
TL
2 tháng 10 2018
Ta có: a2-ab+b2 = \(\dfrac{1}{4}\)(a+b)2+3(a-b)2\(\ge\)\(\dfrac{1}{4}\)(a+b)2
\(\Rightarrow\)\(\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)(a+b)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) a=b
CMTT ta có: \(\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}\)\(\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)(b+c) \(\Leftrightarrow\) b=c
\(\sqrt{c^2-ca+c^2}\)\(\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(c+a\right)\Leftrightarrow\)c=a
\(\Rightarrow\) P\(\ge\) \(\dfrac{1}{2}2\left(a+b+c\right)\)= 2019
Vậy Pmin = 2019
Dấu "=" xảy ra\(\Leftrightarrow\)a=b=c=673
15 tháng 12 2015
Có:\(\sqrt{3\left(a-b\right)^2+\left(a+b\right)^2}\ge a+b\)
\(\sqrt{3\left(b-c\right)^2+\left(b+c\right)^2}\ge b+c\)
\(\sqrt{3\left(c-a\right)^2+\left(a+c\right)^2}\ge a+c\)
\(\Rightarrow2S\ge2\left(a+b+c\right)=4032\)
\(\Rightarrow S\ge2016\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> a=b=c=672
9 tháng 8 2020
gt <=> \(\frac{1}{ab}+\frac{1}{bc}+\frac{1}{ca}=1\)
Đặt: \(\frac{1}{a}=x;\frac{1}{b}=y;\frac{1}{c}=z\)
=> Thay vào thì \(VT=\frac{\frac{1}{xy}}{\frac{1}{z}\left(1+\frac{1}{xy}\right)}+\frac{1}{\frac{yz}{\frac{1}{x}\left(1+\frac{1}{yz}\right)}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{\frac{1}{y}\left(1+\frac{1}{zx}\right)}}\)
\(VT=\frac{z}{xy+1}+\frac{x}{yz+1}+\frac{y}{zx+1}=\frac{x^2}{xyz+x}+\frac{y^2}{xyz+y}+\frac{z^2}{xyz+z}\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+3xyz}\)
Có BĐT x, y, z > 0 thì \(\left(x+y+z\right)\left(xy+yz+zx\right)\ge9xyz\)Ta thay \(xy+yz+zx=1\)vào
=> \(x+y+z\ge9xyz=>\frac{x+y+z}{3}\ge3xyz\)
=> Từ đây thì \(VT\ge\frac{\left(x+y+z\right)^2}{x+y+z+\frac{x+y+z}{3}}=\frac{3}{4}\left(x+y+z\right)\ge\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3\left(xy+yz+zx\right)}=\frac{3}{4}.\sqrt{3}=\frac{3\sqrt{3}}{4}\)
=> Ta có ĐPCM . "=" xảy ra <=> x=y=z <=> \(a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
NV
Nguyễn Việt Lâm
Giáo viên
13 tháng 8 2021
\(a^2+ab+b^2=\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a^2+b^2\right)\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)^2+\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2=\dfrac{3}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2\)
Tương tự, ta có:
\(M\ge\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(a+b\right)+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{\sqrt{3}}{2}\left(c+a\right)=\sqrt{3}\left(a+b+c\right)=3\sqrt{3}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(a=b=c=1\)
\(S=\sqrt{a^2-ab+b^2}+\sqrt{b^2-bc+c^2}+\sqrt{c^2-ca+a^2}\\ =\sqrt{a^2+2ab+b^2-3ab}+\sqrt{b^2+2bc+c^2-3bc}+\sqrt{c^2+2ca+a^2-3ca}\\ =\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot4ab}+\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot4bc}+\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot4ca}\)
Áp dụng BDT : Cô-si:
\(\Rightarrow S=\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot4ab}+\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot4bc}+\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot4ca}\\ \ge\sqrt{\left(a+b\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\cdot\left(a+b\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(b+c\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\left(b+c\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(c+a\right)^2-\dfrac{3}{4}\left(c+a\right)^2}\\ =\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(a+b\right)^2}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(b+c\right)^2}+\sqrt{\dfrac{1}{4}\left(c+a\right)^2}\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(b+c\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(c+a\right)\\ =\dfrac{1}{2}\left(a+b+b+c+c+a\right)\\ =a+b+c\\ =2019\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi:\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=b=c\\a+b+c=2019\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=673\\b=673\\c=673\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(S_{Min}=2019\) khi \(a=b=c=673\)