công thức chuyển từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
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1 She asked him if he liked eating dog meat that day
2 He asked her if she had ever seen a ghost
3 He asked me if I would go to the cinema with a .... that night
4 I asked her how she had gone to school the day before
5 I asked him what he was doing in that exam then
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-> She asked her mom if there were any oranges in the fridge.
She asked her mom if there were any oranges in the fridge
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Không có từ để hỏi:
- Mrs Yen asked Hoa if she was a student
- She asked her friend if she liked English
- Mrs Yen asked the students whether they had done their homework the day before
- He asked his friend whether he would go to Ha Noi the next day
- My dad asked my brother if he was playing video games then
Có từ để hỏi :
- My friend asked me where I had gone the day before
- My mom asked me what I was doing then
- She asked her friends where they were from
- My mom asked me what I eaten the day before
- She asked her friend where she bought that car
Mệnh lệnh :
- My mom told me to do my homework
- My dad told me to give him a newspaper
- My mom told me not to leave the house
- My mom told me not to go out with my friends tonight
- My teacher told us to do our homework
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1. Nam said he was told to be at school before 7 o'clock
2. Thomas said all the students would have a meeting the following week
3. She said her parents were very proud of her good marks
4. The teacher said all the homework had to be done carefully
5. Her father told her that she could go to the movie with her friend
6. She said she might visit her parents in summer
7. The teacher said they could collect old book for the poor student
8. She said she didn't buy that book
9. The boys said they had to try their best to win the match
10. Her classmate said that Ha was the most intelligent girl in their class
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Chú ấy nói bạn là hết thức ăn rồi, khẩu phần của chú đó, chú ăn rồi, bạn ăn đi cho đỡ đói
Trong lời nói trực tiếp, chúng ta ghi lại chính xác những từ, ngữ của người nói dùng. Lời nói trực tiếp thường được thể hiện bởi: các dấu ngoặc kép ” ” – tức là lời nói đó được đặt trong dấu ngoặc.
Ví dụ: 1- He said, “I learn English”.
2- “I love you,” she said.
2. Những thay đổi trong lời nói Trực và Gián tiếp:
2.1 Đổi thì của câu:
Thì của các động từ trong lời nói gián tiếp thay đổi theo một nguyên tắc chung là lùi về quá khứ (các thì xuống cấp):
Thì trong Lời nói trực tiếp
Thì trong Lời nói gián tiếp
– Hiện tại đơn
– Hiện tại tiếp diễn
– Hiện tại hoàn thành
– Hiện tại hoàn thành TD
– Quá khứ đơn
– Quá khứ hoàn thành
– Tương lai đơn
– Tương lai TD
– Is/am/are going to do
– Can/may/must do
– Quá khứ đơn
– Quá khứ tiếp diễn
– Quá khứ hoàn thành
– Quá khứ hoàn thành TD
– Quá khứ hoàn thành
– Quá khứ hoàn thành (không đổi)
– Tương lai trong quá khứ
– Tương lai TD trong quá khứ
– Was/were going to do
– Could/might/had to do
Hãy xem những ví dụ sau đây:
He does
He is doing
He has done
He has been doing
He did
He was doing
He had done
He will do
He will be doing
He will have done
He may do
He may be doing
He can do
He can have done
He must do/have to do
He did
He was doing
He has done
He had been doing
He had done
He had been doing
He had done
He would do
He would be doing
He would have done
He might do
He might be doing
He could do
He could have done
He had to do
*Chuyển từ trực tiếp sang gián tiếp
- Chuyển 3 yếu tố :
+ Ngôi ( Chủ ngữ, tân ngữ, tính từ sở hữu, đại từ phản thân...)
+ Thì : Lùi thì
+ Trạng từ: có 11 trạng từ
I. Chuyển ngôi
1. Ngôi 1 ( I, we)
- Chuyển theo chủ ngữ của mệnh đề tường thuật ( chủ ngữ bên ngoài)
2. Ngôi 2 ( you)
- Chuyển theo tân ngữ trực tiếp ( tân ngữ bên ngoài )
3.Ngôi 3 ( they, he, she ,it,...)
- Giữ nguyên
II. Thì : Lùi thì
- Note:khi gặp thì quá khứ đơn-> quá khứ hoàn thành ( had + PII)
-> quá khứ đơn
can => could should => should
may => might ought to => ought to
will => would used to => used to
must/ have to/ has to => had to shall => should
III.Trạng từ
1. This => that 7.Ago => before
2. These => those 8.Yesterday => the day before
3.Here => there => the previous day
4.Now => then 9.Last.....=> the....before
5.Today => that day 10.Tomorrow => the next day
6. Tonight => that night => the following day
11.Next...=> the following...
* Các kiểu câu cơ bản
I.Câu trần thuật
S1 + said ( to O) + that + S2 + V( lùi thì ) +...
told ( O )\
II. Câu mệnh lệnh
- Khẳng định ( V )
- Phủ định ( Don't )
Eg : She said to me " Go out"
=> S + told + O + to + V( infi)
ask not to
*Note : "please" => bỏ
- Đối với câu đề nghị: " Can you ...."
" Could you..."
" Will you......."
" Would you...."
=> chuyển như câu mệnh lệnh
Eg : She told me " Can you do this exercise for me ? "
=> She told me to do that exercise for her.
III.Câu nghi vấn
Eg : 1.She said to me " Do you like it? "
=> She asked me if/whether I liked it.
2. She said to me " Have you done it ? "
=> She asked me if/whether I had done it.
-> S1 + asked O + If + S2 + V( lùi thì ) + ....
wanted to know Whether
S1 + asked O + WH + S2 +V( lùi thì ) + ....
wanted to know ( từ để hỏi )