cho các số thực x,y thỏa mãn : \(\sqrt{x+2017}-y^3=\sqrt{y+2017}-x^3\)
tìm GTLN của bt : P=x2-3xy+12y-y2+2018
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Ta có:\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2017}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+xy+yz+zx}}=\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{\left(x+y\right)\left(x+z\right)}}\)
\(=\sqrt{\dfrac{y}{x+y}\cdot\dfrac{z}{x+z}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}}{2}\)
Tương tự ta có:\(\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{y^2+2017}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{y+z}}{2}\)
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2017}}\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}}{2}\)
Cộng vế với vế ta có:
\(\sqrt{\dfrac{yz}{x^2+2017}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{zx}{y^2+2017}}+\sqrt{\dfrac{xy}{z^2+2017}}\)
\(\le\dfrac{\dfrac{y}{x+y}+\dfrac{z}{x+z}+\dfrac{z}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+y}+\dfrac{y}{z+y}+\dfrac{x}{x+z}}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{\dfrac{x+y}{x+y}+\dfrac{y+z}{y+z}+\dfrac{z+x}{z+x}}{2}=\dfrac{1+1+1}{2}=\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{\sqrt{2017}}{\sqrt{3}}\)
\(1=x+y+3xy\le x+y+\dfrac{3}{4}\left(x+y\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x+y\right)^2+4\left(x+y\right)-4\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow3\left(x+y+2\right)\left(x+y-\dfrac{2}{3}\right)\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\ge\dfrac{2}{3}\) \(\Rightarrow\dfrac{1}{x+y}\le\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Đồng thời: \(x^2+y^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x+y\right)^2\ge\dfrac{1}{2}.\left(\dfrac{2}{3}\right)^2=\dfrac{2}{9}\)
\(\Rightarrow-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\le-\dfrac{2}{9}\)
Từ đó ta có:
\(A=\sqrt{1-x^2}+\sqrt{1-y^2}+\dfrac{1-\left(x+y\right)}{x+y}=\sqrt{1-x^2}+\sqrt{1-y^2}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}-1\)
\(A\le\sqrt{2\left[2-\left(x^2+y^2\right)\right]}+\dfrac{1}{x+y}-1\le\sqrt{2\left(2-\dfrac{2}{9}\right)}+\dfrac{3}{2}-1=\dfrac{3+8\sqrt{2}}{6}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi \(x=y=\dfrac{1}{3}\)
Ta có P \(\le\dfrac{1^2+\left(\sqrt{x-1}\right)^2}{2}+\dfrac{2^2+\left(\sqrt{y-4}\right)^2}{2}+\dfrac{3^2+\left(\sqrt{z-9}\right)^2}{2}\)
\(=\dfrac{1+x-1+4+y-4+9+z-9}{2}=\dfrac{x+y+z}{2}=\dfrac{28}{2}=14\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=> \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1=\sqrt{x-1}\\2=\sqrt{y-4}\\3=\sqrt{z-9}\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow x=2;y=8;z=18\)(tm)
\(\sqrt{x+2017}-y^3=\sqrt{y+2017}-x^3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x+2017}-\sqrt{y+2017}\right)+\left(x^3-y^3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-y}{\sqrt{x+2017}+\sqrt{y+2017}}+\left(x-y\right)\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-y\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x+2017}+\sqrt{y+2017}}+\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
\(\Rightarrow P=x^2-3x^2+12x-x^2+2018\)
\(=-3x^2+12x+2018=2030-3\left(x-2\right)^2\le2030\)