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a, \(x-1\inƯ\left(-3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
| x-1 | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 |
| x | 2 | 0 | 4 | -2 |
b, \(2x-1\inƯ\left(-4\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm4\right\}\)
| 2x-1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 | 4 | -4 |
| x | 1 | 0 | loại | loại | loại | loại |
c, \(\dfrac{3\left(x-1\right)+10}{x-1}=3+\dfrac{10}{x-1}\Rightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(10\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm5;\pm10\right\}\)
| x-1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 | 5 | -5 | 10 | -10 |
| x | 2 | 0 | 3 | -1 | 6 | -4 | 11 | -9 |
d, \(\dfrac{4\left(x-3\right)+3}{-\left(x-3\right)}=-4-\dfrac{3}{x+3}\Rightarrow x+3\inƯ\left(-3\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm3\right\}\)
| x+3 | 1 | -1 | 3 | -3 |
| x | -2 | -4 | 0 | -6 |
a) \(P=\dfrac{2x+5}{x+3}\inℤ\left(x\inℤ;x\ne-3\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+5⋮x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+5-2\left(x+3\right)⋮x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+5-2x-6⋮x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow-1⋮x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow x+3\in\left\{-1;1\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-4;-2\right\}\)
b) \(P=\dfrac{3x+4}{x+1}\inℤ\left(x\inℤ;x\ne-1\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow3x+4⋮x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow3x+4-3\left(x+1\right)⋮x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow3x+4-3x-3⋮x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow1⋮x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow x+1\in\left\{-1;1\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2;0\right\}\)
c) \(P=\dfrac{4x-1}{2x+3}\inℤ\left(x\inℤ;x\ne-\dfrac{3}{2}\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-1⋮2x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-1-2\left(2x+3\right)⋮2x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow4x-1-4x-6⋮2x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow-7⋮2x+3\)
\(\Rightarrow2x+3\in\left\{-1;1;-7;7\right\}\)
\(\Rightarrow x\in\left\{-2;-1;-5;2\right\}\)
a) P=\(\dfrac{2x+5}{x+3}=\dfrac{2\left(x+3\right)-2}{x+3}=\dfrac{2\left(x+3\right)}{x+3}-\dfrac{2}{x+3}=2-\dfrac{2}{x+3}\)
để \(P\inℤ\) thì \(\dfrac{2}{x+3}\inℤ\) hay 2 ⋮ (x-3) ⇒x+3 ϵ Ư2= (2,-2,1,-1)
ta có bảng sau:
| x+3 | 2 | -2 | 1 | -1 |
| x | -1 | -5 | -2 | -4 |
Vậy x \(\in-1,-2,-5,-4\)
\(\dfrac{2\text{x}-1}{3}=\dfrac{3\text{x}+1}{4}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow=\dfrac{4\left(2\text{x}-1\right)}{12}=\dfrac{3\left(3\text{x}+1\right)}{12}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\text{x}-4=9\text{x}+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow8\text{x}-9\text{x}=3+4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-x=7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=-7\)
a, `2/(x-1) in ZZ`.
`=> 2 vdots x - 1`
`=> x-1 in Ư(2)`
`=> x - 1 in {+-1, +-2}`.
`=> x - 1 = 1 => x = 2`.
`=> x - 1 = -1 => x = 0`.
`=> x - 1 = -2 => x = -1`.
`=> x - 1 = 2 => x = 3`.
Vậy `x = 2, 0, - 1, 3`.
b, `4/(2x-1) in ZZ`
`=> 4 vdots 2x - 1`.
`=> 2x - 1 in Ư(4)`
Vì `2x vdots 2 => 2x - 1 cancel vdots 2`
`=> 2x - 1 in {+-1}`
`=> 2x - 1 = -1 => x = 0`.
`=> 2x - 1 = 1 => x = 1`
Vậy `x = 0,1`.
c, `(x+3)/(x-1) in ZZ`.
`=> x + 3 vdots x - 1`
`=> x - 1 + 4 vdots x - 1`.
`=> 4 vdots x-1`
`=> x -1 in Ư(4)`
`=> x - 1 in{+-1, +-2, +-4}`
`x - 1 = 1 => x = 2`.
`x - 1 = -1 => x = 0`.
`x - 1 = 2 =>x = 3`.
`x - 1 = -2 => x = -1`.
`x - 1 = 4 => x = 5`.
`x - 1 = -4 => x = -3`.
Vậy `x = 2, 0 , +-1, 5, -3`.
a, \(\dfrac{6}{2x+1}\Rightarrow2x+1\inƯ\left(6\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2;\pm3;\pm6\right\}\)
| 2x + 1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 | 3 | -3 | 6 | -6 |
| 2x | 0 | -2 | 1 | -3 | 2 | -4 | 5 | -7 |
| x | 0 | -1 | 1/2 ( loại ) | -3/2 ( loại ) | 1 | -2 | 5/2 ( loại ) | -7/2 ( loại ) |
c, \(\dfrac{x-3}{x-1}=\dfrac{x-1-2}{x-1}=1-\dfrac{2}{x-1}\Rightarrow x-1\inƯ\left(2\right)=\left\{\pm1;\pm2\right\}\)
| x - 1 | 1 | -1 | 2 | -2 |
| x | 2 | 0 | 3 | -1 |
tương tự ....
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ne1\)
Ta có: \(B=\dfrac{x^4-2x^3-3x^2+8x-1}{x^2-2x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^4-2x^3+x^2-4x^2+8x-4+3}{x^2-2x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{x^2\left(x^2-2x+1\right)-4\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+3}{x^2-2x+1}\)
\(=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2\cdot\left(x^2-4\right)+3}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
\(=x^2-4+\dfrac{3}{\left(x-1\right)^2}\)
Để B nguyên thì \(3⋮\left(x-1\right)^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\inƯ\left(3\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2\in\left\{1;3;-1;-3\right\}\)
mà \(\left(x-1\right)^2>0\forall x\) thỏa mãn ĐKXĐ
nên \(\left(x-1\right)^2\in\left\{1;3\right\}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1\in\left\{1;9\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{2;10\right\}\) (nhận)
Vậy: \(x\in\left\{2;10\right\}\)
Lời giải:
a.
\(\frac{10}{x+2}=\frac{60}{6(x+2)}=\frac{60(x-2)}{6(x+2)(x-2)}=\frac{60(x-2)}{6(x^2-4)}\)
\(\frac{5}{2x-4}=\frac{15(x+2)}{6(x-2)(x+2)}=\frac{15(x+2)}{6(x^2-4)}\)
\(\frac{1}{6-3x}=\frac{x+2}{3(2-x)}=\frac{2(x+2)^2}{6(2-x)(2+x)}=\frac{-2(x+2)^2}{6(x^2-4)}\)
b.
\(\frac{1}{x+2}=\frac{x(2-x)}{x(x+2)(2-x)}=\frac{x(2-x)}{x(4-x^2)}\)
\(\frac{8}{2x-x^2}=\frac{8(x+2)}{(x+2)x(2-x)}=\frac{8(x+2)}{x(4-x^2)}\)
c.
\(\frac{4x^2-3x+5}{x^3-1}\)
\(\frac{1-2x}{x^2+x+1}=\frac{(1-2x)(x-1)}{(x-1)(x^2+x+1)}=\frac{-2x^2+3x-1}{x^3-1}\)
\(-2=\frac{-2(x^3-1)}{x^3-1}\)
a: Để A là số nguyên thì \(x-1\in\left\{1;-1;3;-3\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{2;0;4;-2\right\}\)
b: Để B là số nguyên thì \(2x-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;4;-4\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{1;0\right\}\)(do x là số nguyên)
c: Để C là số nguyên thì \(3x-3+10⋮x-1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1\in\left\{1;-1;2;-2;5;-5;10;-10\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{2;0;3;-1;6;-4;11;-9\right\}\)
d: Để D là số nguyên thì \(4x-1⋮x-3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-3\in\left\{1;-1;11;-11\right\}\)
hay \(x\in\left\{4;2;14;-8\right\}\)