Cho dãy tỉ số bằng nhau: \(\frac{a}{2009}=\frac{b}{2011}=\frac{c}{2013}\)
Chứng minh rằng: \(\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right)\)
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Ta có : \(\frac{a}{2009}=\frac{b}{2011}=\frac{c}{2013}=\frac{a-b}{-2}=\frac{b-c}{-2}=\frac{a-c}{-4}\)
\(=>\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{16}=\left(\frac{a-b}{-2}\right).\left(\frac{b-c}{-2}\right)=\frac{\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right)}{4}\)
\(=>\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right)\)
Áp dụng t/c dãy tỉ số bằng nhau,ta có:
\(\frac{a}{2009}=\frac{b}{2011}=\frac{a-b}{2009-2011}=\frac{a-b}{-2}\)
\(\frac{b}{2011}=\frac{c}{2013}=\frac{b-c}{2011-2013}=\frac{b-c}{-2}\)
\(\frac{a}{2009}=\frac{c}{2013}=\frac{a-c}{2009-2013}=\frac{a-c}{-4}\)
=> \(\frac{a-b}{-2}=\frac{b-c}{-2}=\frac{a-c}{-4}\)
=> \(\frac{a-b}{-2}.\frac{b-c}{-2}=\left(\frac{a-c}{4}\right)^2\)
=> \(\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}{4}\)
=> \(\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\left(a-c\right)\left(b-c\right)\)
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{2009}=\frac{b}{2011}=\frac{c}{2013}=\frac{a-b}{-2}=\frac{b-c}{-2}=\frac{a-c}{-4}\)
\(=>\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{16}=\left(\frac{a-b}{-2}\right).\left(\frac{b-c}{-2}\right)=\frac{\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right)}{4}\)
\(=>\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right)\)
đặt a/2003=b/2005=c/2007=t
=>a=2003t;b=2005t;c=2007t
ta có:\(VT=\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(2003t-2007t\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(-4t\right)^2}{4}=\frac{\left(-4\right)^2.t^2}{4}=\frac{16.t^2}{4}=\frac{4.4.t^2}{4}=4t^2\) (1)
\(VP=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)=\left(2003t-2005t\right)\left(2005t-2007t\right)=\left(-2\right).t.\left(-2\right).t=\left[\left(-2\right).\left(-2\right)\right].t^2=4t^2\left(2\right)\)
từ (1);(2) ta có VT=VP=>đpcm
Bài 1:
Nếu a,b,c # 0 thì theo tính chất của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau , ta có:
\(\frac{a}{b+c}=\frac{b}{c+a}=\frac{c}{a+b}=\frac{a+b+c}{2\left(a+b+c\right)}=\frac{1}{2}\)
Nếu a + b + c = 0 thì b + c = -a ; c + a = - b ; a + b = -c
<=> Tỉ số của \(\frac{a}{b+c};\frac{c}{c+a};\frac{c}{a+b}\) Bằng -1
\(\frac{a}{n+2}=\frac{b}{n+5}=\frac{c}{n+8}=k\Leftrightarrow a=nk+2k;b=nk=5k;c=nk+8k\)
\(\left(a+c\right)^2=\left(nk+2k+nk+8k\right)^2=4k^2\left(n+5\right)^2\) ( sai nhế)
\(4\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)=4\left(nk+2k-nk-5k\right)\left(nk+5k-nk-8k\right)=4\left(-3k\right)\left(-3k\right)=36k^2\)
\(\left(a-c\right)^2=\left(nk+2k-nk-8k\right)^2=4\left(-6k\right)^2=36k^2\)
=> \(\left(a-c\right)^2=4\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\)
Ta có : \(\frac{b-c}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+c\right)}+\frac{c-a}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{a-b}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=\frac{-\left(a-b\right)+\left(a-c\right)}{\left(a-b\right)\left(a-c\right)}+\frac{-\left(b-c\right)+\left(b-a\right)}{\left(b-c\right)\left(b-a\right)}+\frac{-\left(c-a\right)+\left(c-b\right)}{\left(c-a\right)\left(c-b\right)}\)
\(=-\frac{1}{a-c}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{-1}{b-a}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{-1}{c-b}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)
\(=\frac{1}{c-a}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{a-b}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{b-c}+\frac{1}{c-a}\)
\(=\frac{2}{a-b}+\frac{2}{b-c}+\frac{2}{c-a}\)
\(\frac{a}{2013}=\frac{b}{2015}=\frac{c}{2017}=\frac{a-b}{-2}=\frac{b-c}{-2}=\frac{a-c}{-4}.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(\frac{a-b}{-2}\right)x\left(\frac{b-c}{-2}\right)=\left(\frac{a-c}{-4}\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-b\right)x\left(b-c\right)}{4}=\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{16}\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(a-b\right)x\left(b-c\right)=\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}\) (dpcm)
Đặt \(\frac{a}{2008}=\frac{b}{2009}=\frac{c}{2010}=k\)
suy ra: \(a=2008k;\) \(b=2009k;\)\(c=2010k\)
Khi đó ta có: \(4\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\)
\(=4\left(2008k-2009k\right)\left(2009k-2010k\right)\)
\(=4k^2\)
\(\left(c-a\right)^2=\left(2010k-2008k\right)^2=4k^2\)
suy ra: \(4\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)=\left(c-a\right)^2\) (đpcm)
p/s: tham khảo,
Ta có : \(\frac{a}{2009}=\frac{b}{2011}=\frac{c}{2013}=\frac{a-b}{-2}=\frac{b-c}{-2}=\frac{a-c}{-4}\)
\(=>\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{16}=\left(\frac{a-b}{-2}\right).\left(\frac{b-c}{-2}\right)=\frac{\left(a-b\right).\left(b-c\right)}{4}\)
\(=>\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\left(a-c\right).\left(b-c\right)\)
+) a=b=c=0
=>\(\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=0;\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)=0\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\)(1)
+) \(a\ne b\ne c\ne0\)
Áp dụng tc của dãy tỉ số bằng nhau ta có
\(\frac{a}{2009}=\frac{b}{2011}=\frac{c}{2013}=\frac{a-b}{-2}=\frac{b-c}{-2}=\frac{c-a}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4^2}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\left(-2\right)\left(-2\right)}\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{16}=\frac{\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)}{4}\Rightarrow\frac{\left(a-c\right)^2}{4}=\left(a-b\right)\left(b-c\right)\)(2)
Từ (1) và (2)
=> đpcm