Hòa tan m gam sắt vào 500 ml dung dịch H2SO4 (vừa đủ) thu được 0,896 lít H2 (đktc) a. Tính giá trị của m? b. Tính CM của dung dịch axit đã dùng? c. Tính thể tích khí oxi (đktc) cần dùng để đốt cháy hết lượng H2 sinh ra?
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![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
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Bài 6 :
\(a) Mg + 2CH_3COOH \to (CH_3COO)_2Mg + H_2\\ n_{H_2} = n_{(CH_3COO)_2Mg} = n_{Mg} = \dfrac{9,6}{24} = 0,4(mol)\\ m_{dd\ sau\ pư} = 9,6 + 200 - 0,4.2 = 208,8(gam)\\ C\%_{(CH_3COO)_2Mg} = \dfrac{0,4.142}{208,8}.100\% = 27,2\%\\ b) V_{H_2} = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96(lít)\)
Bài 7 :
\(a) n_{C_2H_5OH} = \dfrac{4,6}{46} = 0,1(mol)\\ C_2H_5OH + 3O_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} 2CO_2 + 3H_2O\\ n_{CO_2} = 2n_{C_2H_5OH} = 0,2(mol)\\ V_{CO_2} = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48(lít)\\ b) n_{O_2} = 3n_{C_2H_5OH} = 0,3(mol)\\ V_{kk} = \dfrac{0,3.22,4}{20\%} = 33,6(lít)\)
Bài 8 :
\(n_{CaCO_3} = \dfrac{12}{100} = 0,12(mol)\\ CaCO_3 + 2CH_3COOH \to (CH_3COO)_2Ca + CO_2 + H_2\\ n_{CH_3COOH} = 2n_{CaCO_3} = 0,24(mol)\\ C\%_{CH_3COOH} = \dfrac{0,24.60}{200}.100\% = 7,2\%\\ b) n_{CO_2} = n_{CaCO_3} = 0,12(mol)\\ V_{CO_2} = 0,12.22,4 = 2,688(lít)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a)
\(n_{Zn}=\dfrac{13}{65}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: Zn + 2HCl --> ZnCl2 + H2
0,2-->0,4----->0,2--->0,2
=> VH2 = 0,2.22,4 = 4,48 (l)
b) mHCl = 0,4.36,5 = 14,6 (g)
=> \(m_{dd.HCl}=\dfrac{14,6.100}{7,3}=200\left(g\right)\)
c)
mdd sau pư = 13 + 200 - 0,2.2 = 212,6 (g)
mZnCl2 = 0,2.136 = 27,2 (g)
=> \(C\%=\dfrac{27,2}{212,6}.100\%=12,8\%\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15(mol)\\ PTHH:Fe+H_2SO_4\to FeSO_4+H_2\\ \Rightarrow n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{H_2}=0,15(mol)\\ \Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,15}{0,05}=3M\\ PTHH:2H_2+O_2\xrightarrow{t^o}2H_2O\\ \Rightarrow n_{O_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}n_{H_2}=0,075(mol)\\ \Rightarrow V_{O_2}=0,075.22,4=1,68(l)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: 2Al + 3H2SO4 --> Al2(SO4)3 + 3H2
0,4-->0,6---------->0,2------->0,6
=> \(C_{M\left(dd.H_2SO_4\right)}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,15}=4M\)
b) VH2 = 0,6.22,4 = 13,44 (l)
c) \(C_{M\left(Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3\right)}=\dfrac{0,2}{0,15}=\dfrac{4}{3}M\)
\(n_{Al}=\dfrac{10,8}{27}=0,4\left(mol\right)\\
pthh:2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2\)
0,4 0,6 0,2 0,6
\(C_M_{H_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,6}{0,15}=4M\\ V_{H_2}=0,622,4=13,44L\)
\(C_M=\dfrac{0,2}{0,15}=1,3M\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
\(n_K=\dfrac{39}{39}=1\left(mol\right)\\ 2K+2H_2O\rightarrow2KOH+H_2\\ n_{H_2}=\dfrac{1}{2}=0,5\left(mol\right)\\ a,V_{H_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,5.22,4=11,2\left(l\right)\\ b,n_{KOH}=n_K=1\left(mol\right)\\ C_{MddKOH}=\dfrac{1}{0,2}=5\left(M\right)\\ c,2H_2+O_2\rightarrow\left(t^o\right)2H_2O\\ n_{O_2}=\dfrac{0,5}{2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\\ V_{O_2\left(đktc\right)}=0,25.22,4=5,6\left(l\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{6,72}{22,4}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
a. PTHH: \(Zn+H_2SO_4--->ZnSO_4+H_2\uparrow\left(1\right)\)
b. Theo PT(1): \(n_{Zn}=n_{H_2}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Zn}=65.0,3=19,5\left(g\right)\)
c. Theo PT(1): \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{Zn}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
Đổi 300ml = 0,3 lít
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,3}{0,3}=1M\)
d. PTHH: \(2NaOH+H_2SO_4--->Na_2SO_4+2H_2O\left(2\right)\)
Theo PT(2): \(n_{NaOH}=2.n_{H_2SO_4}=2.0,3=0,6\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{NaOH}=0,6.40=24\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{dd_{NaOH}}=\dfrac{24.100\%}{20\%}=120\left(g\right)\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
a)
$Fe + H_2SO_4 \to FeSO_4 + H_2$
$n_{H_2SO_4} = n_{H_2} = n_{Fe} = \dfrac{16,8}{56} = 0,3(mol)$
$V = 0,3.22,4 = 6,72(lít)$
$C_{M_{H_2SO_4}} = \dfrac{0,3}{0,25} = 1,2M$
b)
$n_{CuO} = \dfrac{16}{80} = 0,2(mol)$
$CuO + H_2 \xrightarrow{t^o} Cu + H_2O$
$n_{CuO} < n_{H_2}$ nên $H_2$ dư
$n_{Cu} = n_{CuO} = 0,2(mol)$
$m_{Cu} = 0,2.64 = 12,8(gam)$
\(n_{Fe}=\dfrac{m}{M}=\dfrac{16,8}{56}=0,3\left(mol\right)\\ PT:Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\)
0,3 0,3 0,3 (mol)
a) V= n. 22,4 = 0,3 . 22,4 = 6,72(l)
\(C\%=\dfrac{m_{H_2SO_4}}{m_{dd}}.100\%=\dfrac{0,3.98}{200}.100\%=11,76\%\)
b) PT: \(H_2+CuO\underrightarrow{t^o}Cu+H_2O\)
0,3 0,3
=> mCu=n.M=0,3.64=19,2(g)
PTHH: \(Fe+H_2SO_4\rightarrow FeSO_4+H_2\uparrow\)
\(H_2+\dfrac{1}{2}O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}H_2O\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{0,896}{22,4}=0,04\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=0,04\left(mol\right)=n_{H_2SO_4}\\n_{O_2}=0,02\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{Fe}=0,04\cdot56=2,24\left(g\right)\\C_{M_{H_2SO_4}}=\dfrac{0,04}{0,5}=0,08\left(M\right)\\V_{O_2}=0,02\cdot22,4=0,448\left(l\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)