tính tích phân
\(\int\frac{x+2}{x\left(x-3\right)}dx\)
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Câu 2)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} u=\ln ^2x\\ dv=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} du=2\frac{\ln x}{x}dx\\ v=\frac{x^3}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow I=\frac{x^3}{3}\ln ^2x-\frac{2}{3}\int x^2\ln xdx\)
Đặt \(\left\{\begin{matrix} k=\ln x\\ dt=x^2dx\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} dk=\frac{dx}{x}\\ t=\frac{x^3}{3}\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow \int x^2\ln xdx=\frac{x^3\ln x}{3}-\int \frac{x^2}{3}dx=\frac{x^3\ln x}{3}-\frac{x^3}{9}+c\)
Do đó \(I=\frac{x^3\ln^2x}{3}-\frac{2}{9}x^3\ln x+\frac{2}{27}x^3+c\)
Câu 3:
\(I=\int\frac{2}{\cos 2x-7}dx=-\int\frac{2}{2\sin^2x+6}dx=-\int\frac{dx}{\sin^2x+3}\)
Đặt \(t=\tan\frac{x}{2}\Rightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} \sin x=\frac{2t}{t^2+1}\\ dx=\frac{2dt}{t^2+1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=-\int \frac{2dt}{(t^2+1)\left ( \frac{4t^2}{(t^2+1)^2}+3 \right )}=-\int\frac{2(t^2+1)dt}{3t^4+10t^2+3}=-\int \frac{2d\left ( t-\frac{1}{t} \right )}{3\left ( t-\frac{1}{t} \right )^2+16}=\int\frac{2dk}{3k^2+16}\)
Đặt \(k=\frac{4}{\sqrt{3}}\tan v\). Đến đây dễ dàng suy ra \(I=\frac{-1}{2\sqrt{3}}v+c\)
Ta có \(I=\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{4}}\frac{\ln2.\ln\left(2\tan x\right)}{\sin2x.\ln\left(2\tan x\right)}dx=\ln2\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{4}}\frac{dx}{\sin2x.\ln\left(2\tan x\right)}+\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{4}}\frac{dx}{\sin2x}\)
Tính \(\ln2\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{4}}\frac{dx}{\sin2x.\ln\left(2\tan x\right)}=\frac{\ln2}{2}\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{4}}\frac{d\left[\ln\left(2\tan x\right)\right]}{\ln2\left(2\tan x\right)}=\frac{\ln2}{2}\left[\ln\left(\ln\left(2\tan x\right)\right)\right]|^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{4}}=\frac{\ln2}{2}.\ln\left(\frac{\ln2\sqrt{3}}{\ln2}\right)\)
Tính \(\int\limits^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{4}}\frac{dx}{\sin2x}=\frac{1}{2}\ln\left(\tan x\right)|^{\frac{\pi}{3}}_{\frac{\pi}{4}}=\frac{1}{2}\ln\sqrt{3}\)
Vậy \(I=\frac{\ln2}{2}\ln\left(\frac{\ln2\sqrt{3}}{\ln2}\right)+\frac{1}{2}\ln\sqrt{3}\)
\(I=\int\limits^0_{\frac{-1}{2}}\frac{dx}{\left(x+1\right)\sqrt{3+2x-x^2}}=\int\limits^0_{\frac{-1}{2}}\frac{dx}{\left(x+1\right)\left(\sqrt{\left(x+1\right)\left(3-x\right)}\right)}\)
\(=\int\limits^0_{\frac{-1}{2}}\frac{dx}{\left(x+1\right)^2\sqrt{\frac{3-x}{x+1}}}\)
Đặt \(t=\sqrt{\frac{3-x}{x+1}}\Rightarrow\frac{dx}{\left(x+1\right)^2}=-\frac{1}{2}\)
Đổi cận : \(x=-\frac{1}{2}\Rightarrow t=\sqrt{7};x=0\Rightarrow t=\sqrt{3}\)
\(I=-\frac{1}{2}\int\limits^{\sqrt{3}}_{\sqrt{7}}dt=\frac{1}{2}\left(\sqrt{7}-\sqrt{3}\right)\)
a) Đặt \(x=\sin t;t\in\left(-\frac{\pi}{2};\frac{\pi}{2}\right)\) \(\Rightarrow dx=\cos tdt\)
Suy ra : \(\frac{dx}{\sqrt{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}}=\frac{\cos tdt}{\sqrt{\left(1-\sin^2t\right)^3}}=\frac{\cos tdt}{\cos^3t}=\frac{dt}{\cos^2t}=d\left(\tan t\right)\)
Khi đó \(\int\frac{dx}{\sqrt{\left(1-x^2\right)^3}}=\int d\left(\tan t\right)=\tan t+C=\frac{\sin t}{\sqrt{1-\sin^2t}}=\frac{x}{\sqrt{1-x^2}}+C\)
b) Vì \(x^2+2x+3=\left(x+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2\)
nên ta đặt : \(x+1=\sqrt{2}\tan t;t\in\left(-\frac{\pi}{2};\frac{\pi}{2}\right)\Rightarrow dx=\sqrt{2}.\frac{dt}{\cos^2t};\tan t=\frac{x+1}{\sqrt{2}}\)
Suy ra \(\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2+2x+3}}=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{\left(x^2+1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2}}=\frac{dx}{\sqrt{2\left(\tan^2t+1\right).\cos^2t}}\)
\(=\frac{dt}{\sqrt{2}\cos t}=\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}.\frac{\cos tdt}{1-\sin^2t}=-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}.\left(\frac{\cos tdt}{\sin t-1}-\frac{\cos tdt}{\sin t+1}\right)\)
Khi đó \(\int\frac{dx}{\sqrt{x^2+2x+3}}=-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\int\left(\frac{\cos tdt}{\sin t-1}-\frac{\cos tdt}{\sin t+1}\right)=-\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\ln\left|\frac{\sin t-1}{\sin t+1}\right|+C\left(1\right)\)
Từ \(\tan t=\frac{x+1}{\sqrt{2}}\Leftrightarrow\tan^2t=\frac{\sin^2t}{1-\sin^2t}=\frac{\left(x+1\right)^2}{2}\Rightarrow\sin^2t=1-\frac{2}{x^2+2x+3}\)
Ta tìm được \(\sin t\) thay vào (1), ta tính được I
Đặt \(2x+2=u\Rightarrow2xdx=du\Rightarrow dx=\dfrac{1}{2}du\)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0\Rightarrow u=2\\x=2\Rightarrow u=6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow I=\int\limits^6_2f\left(u\right).\dfrac{1}{2}du=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^6_2f\left(u\right)du=\dfrac{1}{2}\int\limits^6_2f\left(x\right)dx=\dfrac{1}{2}.6=3\)
Đặt \(u=x^2e^x\Rightarrow du=\left(2x.e^x\right)dx=xe^x\left(2+x\right);dv=\frac{dx}{\left(x+2\right)^2}\Rightarrow v=-\frac{1}{x+2}\)
Vậy \(I=\int\limits^2_0\frac{x^2e^x}{\left(x+2\right)^2}=-\frac{x^2e^x}{x+2}|^2_0+\int\limits^2_0xe^xdx=-e^2+\left(xe^x-e\right)|^2=1_0\)
Mình có cách khác, đổi biến số trước, sau lấy tích phân từng phần cũng ra
Đặt \(t=x+2\Rightarrow\begin{cases}dt=dx,x=0\Rightarrow t=2,x=2\rightarrow t=4\\f\left(x\right)dx=\frac{\left(t-2\right)^2e^{t-2}}{t}.dt=\left(t+\frac{2}{t}-4\right)e^{t-2}dt\end{cases}\)
Suy ra : \(I=\int\limits^4_2te^{t-2}dt+\int\limits^4_2\frac{e^{t-2}}{t}dt-4\int\limits^4_2e^{t-2}dt=J+K+4L\left(1\right)\)
Tính các tích phân J, K, L ta cũng ra được kết quả giống bạn Dương
TA có
\(\int\frac{x+2}{x\left(x-3\right)}dx=\int\frac{x-3+5}{x\left(x-3\right)}dx=\int\left(\frac{1}{x}+\frac{5}{x\left(x-3\right)}\right)dx=\int\frac{1}{x}dx+5\int\frac{1}{x\left(x-3\right)}dx\)
=\(\int\frac{1}{x}dx+\frac{5}{3}\int\left(\frac{1}{x-3}-\frac{1}{x}\right)dx=-\frac{2}{3}\int\frac{1}{x}dx+\frac{5}{3}\int\frac{1}{x-3}dx=\frac{-2}{3}ln\left|x\right|+\frac{5}{3}ln\left|x-3\right|+C\)