Phương pháp 7. Nhẩm nghiệm và biến đổi về phương trình tích, có sử dụng phép nhân
liên hợp
a \(\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{2x+3}=6\)
b \(x^2+5\sqrt{x-3}=21\)
c \(x^2+4x+\sqrt{4x+5}+\sqrt{x+3}-10=0\)
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a) ĐK: \(x\ge3\)
PT \(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)\left(x-2\right)}-\sqrt{x-2}+\sqrt{x+1}-\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)\left(x+1\right)}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-2}\left(\sqrt{x-3}-1\right)+\sqrt{x+1}\left(1-\sqrt{x-3}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{x-2}-\sqrt{x+1}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-3}-1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-2}=\sqrt{x+1}\\\sqrt{x-3}=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-2=x+1\\x-3=1\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow x=4\) (Thỏa mãn)
Vậy ...
1) \(\sqrt[]{9\left(x-1\right)}=21\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)=21^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)=441\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=49\Leftrightarrow x=50\)
2) \(\sqrt[]{1-x}+\sqrt[]{4-4x}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt[]{16-16x}+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}+\sqrt[]{4\left(1-x\right)}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt[]{16\left(1-x\right)}+5=0\)
\(\)\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}+2\sqrt[]{1-x}-\dfrac{4}{3}\sqrt[]{1-x}+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}\left(1+3-\dfrac{4}{3}\right)+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}.\dfrac{8}{3}=-5\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{1-x}=-\dfrac{15}{8}\)
mà \(\sqrt[]{1-x}\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow pt.vô.nghiệm\)
3) \(\sqrt[]{2x}-\sqrt[]{50}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt[]{2x}=\sqrt[]{50}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=50\Leftrightarrow x=25\)
1) \(\sqrt{9\left(x-1\right)}=21\) (ĐK: \(x\ge1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow3\sqrt{x-1}=21\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=7\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=49\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=49+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=50\left(tm\right)\)
2) \(\sqrt{1-x}+\sqrt{4-4x}-\dfrac{1}{3}\sqrt{16-16x}+5=0\) (ĐK: \(x\le1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{1-x}+2\sqrt{1-x}-\dfrac{4}{3}\sqrt{1-x}+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{3}\sqrt{1-x}+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{5}{3}\sqrt{1-x}=-5\) (vô lý)
Phương trình vô nghiệm
3) \(\sqrt{2x}-\sqrt{50}=0\) (ĐK: \(x\ge0\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x}=\sqrt{50}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x=50\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{50}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=25\left(tm\right)\)
4) \(\sqrt{4x^2+4x+1}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2}=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|2x+1\right|=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=6\left(ĐK:x\ge-\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\\2x+1=-6\left(ĐK:x< -\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x=5\\2x=-7\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\left(tm\right)\\x=-\dfrac{7}{2}\left(tm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
5) \(\sqrt{\left(x-3\right)^2}=3-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left|x-3\right|=3-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-3=3-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+x=3+3\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{6}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
a.
\(3\sqrt{-x^2+x+6}\ge2\left(1-2x\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x^2+x+6\ge0\\1-2x< 0\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1-2x\ge0\\9\left(-x^2+x+6\right)\ge4\left(1-2x\right)^2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-2\le x\le3\\x>\dfrac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le\dfrac{1}{2}\\25\left(x^2-x-2\right)\le0\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{2}< x\le3\\\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x\le\dfrac{1}{2}\\-1\le x\le2\end{matrix}\right.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow-1\le x\le3\)
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}-4\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}-2\sqrt{x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x^2+8x+5-16x}{\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}+4\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2x^2-4x+5-4x}{\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}+2\sqrt{x}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{2x^2-8x+5}{\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}+4\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{2x^2-8x+5}{\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}+2\sqrt{x}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(2x^2-8x+5\right)\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2+8x+5}+4\sqrt{x}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2x^2-4x+5}+2\sqrt{x}}\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2-8x+5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\dfrac{4\pm\sqrt{6}}{2}\)
a, ĐKXĐ : \(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\)
PT <=> 2x - 1 = 5
<=> x = 3 ( TM )
Vậy ...
b, ĐKXĐ : \(x\ge5\)
PT <=> x - 5 = 9
<=> x = 14 ( TM )
Vậy ...
c, PT <=> \(\left|2x+1\right|=6\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+1=6\\2x+1=-6\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\\x=-\dfrac{7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy ...
d, PT<=> \(\left|x-3\right|=3-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x-3=x-3\\x-3=3-x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy phương trình có vô số nghiệm với mọi x \(x\le3\)
e, ĐKXĐ : \(-\dfrac{5}{2}\le x\le1\)
PT <=> 2x + 5 = 1 - x
<=> 3x = -4
<=> \(x=-\dfrac{4}{3}\left(TM\right)\)
Vậy ...
f ĐKXĐ : \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\le0\\1\le x\le3\end{matrix}\right.\)
PT <=> \(x^2-x=3-x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=\pm\sqrt{3}\) ( TM )
Vậy ...
a) \(\sqrt{2x-1}=\sqrt{5}\) (x \(\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\))
<=> 2x - 1 = 5
<=> x = 3 (tmđk)
Vậy S = \(\left\{3\right\}\)
b) \(\sqrt{x-5}=3\) (x\(\ge5\))
<=> x - 5 = 9
<=> x = 4 (ko tmđk)
Vậy x \(\in\varnothing\)
c) \(\sqrt{4x^2+4x+1}=6\) (x \(\in R\))
<=> \(\sqrt{\left(2x+1\right)^2}=6\)
<=> |2x + 1| = 6
<=> \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\text{2x + 1=6}\\\text{2x + 1}=-6\end{matrix}\right.< =>\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5}{2}\\x=\dfrac{-7}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)(tmđk)
Vậy S = \(\left\{\dfrac{5}{2};\dfrac{-7}{2}\right\}\)
a.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge3\)
(Tốt nhất bạn kiểm tra lại đề cái căn đầu tiên của \(\sqrt{x-3}\) là căn bậc 2 hay căn bậc 3). Vì nhìn ĐKXĐ thì thấy căn bậc 2 là không hợp lý rồi đó
Pt tương đương:
\(\sqrt{x-3}+\sqrt[3]{x^2+1}+\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)=0\)
Do \(x\ge3\Rightarrow x-2>0\Rightarrow\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)>0\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{x-3}+\sqrt[3]{x^2+1}+\left(x+1\right)\left(x-2\right)>0\)
Pt vô nghiệm
b.
ĐKXĐ: \(x\ge-\dfrac{3}{2}\)
Pt: \(2x+3-\sqrt{2x+3}-\left(4x^2-6x+2\right)=0\)
Đặt \(\sqrt{2x+3}=t\ge0\) ta được:
\(t^2-t-\left(4x^2-6x+2\right)=0\)
\(\Delta=1+4\left(4x^2-6x+2\right)=\left(4x-3\right)^2\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}t_1=\dfrac{1+4x-3}{2}=2x-1\\t_2=\dfrac{1-4x+3}{2}=2-2x\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{2x+3}=2x-1\left(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\\\sqrt{2x+3}=2-2x\left(x\le1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}2x+3=4x^2-4x+1\left(x\ge\dfrac{1}{2}\right)\\2x+3=4x^2-8x+4\left(x\le1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{3+\sqrt{17}}{4}\\x=\dfrac{5-\sqrt{21}}{4}\end{matrix}\right.\)
a) ĐKXĐ : \(x\ge-3\)\(pt\Leftrightarrow x^2-2x+1=x+3-4\sqrt{x+3}+4\Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2=\left(\sqrt{x+3}-2\right)^2\Leftrightarrow x-1=\sqrt{x+3}-2\Leftrightarrow x+1=\sqrt{x+3}\Leftrightarrow\left(x+1\right)^2=x+3\left(x\ge-1\right)\Leftrightarrow x^2+2x+1=x+3\Leftrightarrow x^2+x-2=0\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=1\left(tmdk\right)\\x=-2\left(kotm\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
a:
ĐKXĐ: x>=5/2
\(\sqrt{x-2+\sqrt{2x-5}}+\sqrt{x+2+3\sqrt{2x-5}}=7\sqrt{2}\)
=>\(\sqrt{2x-4+2\sqrt{2x-5}}+\sqrt{2x+4+6\cdot\sqrt{2x-5}}=14\)
=>\(\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-5}+1\right)^2}+\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2x-5}+3\right)^2}=14\)
=>\(\sqrt{2x-5}+1+\sqrt{2x-5}+3=14\)
=>\(2\sqrt{2x-5}+4=14\)
=>\(\sqrt{2x-5}=5\)
=>2x-5=25
=>2x=30
=>x=15
b: \(x^2-4x=\sqrt{x+2}\)
=>\(x+2=\left(x^2-4x\right)^2\) và x^2-4x>=0
=>x^4-8x^3+16x^2-x-2=0 và x^2-4x>=0
=>(x^2-5x+2)(x^2-3x-1)=0 và x^2-4x>=0
=>\(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x=\dfrac{5+\sqrt{17}}{2}\\x=\dfrac{3-\sqrt{13}}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
(x2−2x+1+2)(2x−x2−1+7)=18(x2-2x+1+2)(2x-x2-1+7)=18
⇒[(x−1)2+2][7−(x−1)2]=18(1)⇒[(x-1)2+2][7-(x-1)2]=18(1)
Đặt (x−1)2=a(x-1)2=a
(1)⇔(a+2)(7−a)=18(1)⇔(a+2)(7-a)=18
⇒−a2+5a+14=18⇒-a2+5a+14=18
⇒a2−5a+4=0⇒a2-5a+4=0
Ta có a+b+c=1−5+4=0a+b+c=1-5+4=0
⇒a1=1⇒a1=1
a2=41=4a2=41=4
Thay (x−1)2=a(x-1)2=a vào ta được
[(x−1)2=1(x−1)2=4[(x−1)2=1(x−1)2=4
⇒⎡⎢ ⎢ ⎢⎣x−1=1x−1=−1x−1=2x−1=−2⇒[x−1=1x−1=−1x−1=2x−1=−2
⇒⎡⎢ ⎢ ⎢⎣x=2x=0x=3x=−1⇒[x=2x=0x=3x=−1
Vậy nghiệm của phương trình là x={−1;0;2;3}
a) \(\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{4x-4}-\sqrt{25x-25}+2=0\) (ĐK: \(x\ge1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+\sqrt{4\left(x-1\right)}-\sqrt{25\left(x-1\right)}+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}+2\sqrt{x-1}-5\sqrt{x-1}+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-2\sqrt{x-1}=-2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=\dfrac{2}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x-1}=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2\left(tm\right)\)
b) \(\sqrt{16x+16}-\sqrt{9x+9}+\sqrt{4x+4}+\sqrt{x+1}=16\) (ĐK: \(x\ge-1\))
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{16\left(x+1\right)}-\sqrt{9\left(x+1\right)}+\sqrt{4\left(x+1\right)}+\sqrt{x+1}=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x+1}-3\sqrt{x+1}+2\sqrt{x+1}+\sqrt{x+1}=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow4\sqrt{x+1}=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{x+1}=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x+1=16\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=15\left(tm\right)\)
b. Tự đặt đk
\(x^{^2}+5\sqrt{x-3}=21\\\Leftrightarrow x^{^2}-9+5\sqrt{x-3}=12 \)
Đặt \(a=\sqrt{x-3}\) \(\left(a\ge0\right)\) Phương trình trở thành:
\(a^{^2}\left(a^{^2}+6\right)+5a=12\\ \Leftrightarrow a^{^4}+6a^{^2}+5a-12=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a^{^4}-a^{^3}+a^{^3}-a^{^2}+7a^{^2}-7a+12a-12=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(a-1\right)\left(a^{^3}+a^{^2}+7a+12\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow a=1\left(tmdk\right)\)
Ta có: vì \(a\ge0\) nên \(a^{^3}+a^{^2}+7a+12\ne0\)
Với a = 1 ta có x=4 (tmdk)
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