Chứng minh: \(\frac{1}{2}\)+\(\frac{1}{2^2}\)+\(\frac{1}{2^3}\)+...+\(\frac{1}{2^{2018}}\)< 1
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Gọi vế trái BPT là A.
Xét biểu thức tổng quát:
\(\sqrt{1+\frac{1}{n^2}+\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)^2}}=\sqrt{\frac{n^2\left(n+1\right)^2+\left(n+1\right)^2+n^2}{\left[n\left(n+1\right)\right]^2}}\\ =\frac{\sqrt{n^2\left(n^2+2n+1\right)+n^2+2n+1+n^2}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\\ =\frac{\sqrt{n^4+2n^3+3n^2+2n+1}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\\ =\frac{\sqrt{\left(n^2+n+1\right)^2}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\\ =\frac{n^2+n+1}{n\left(n+1\right)}\\ =\frac{n\left(n+1\right)+n+1-n}{n\left(n+1\right)}\\ =1+\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\)
Suy ra:
\(A=1+\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+1+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+1+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2018}\)
\(=\left(1+1+...+1\right)+\left(\frac{1}{1}-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+...+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2018}\right)\) (2018 số hạng 1)
\(=2018+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{2018}< 2018\)
Vậy \(A< 2018\left(đpcm\right)\).
Chúc bạn học tốt nha.
cảm ơn bạn nhé, mình đag ko bt cách chứng minh biểu thức tổng quát ;)
Ta có : \(\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{3^2}+...+\frac{1}{2018^2}< \frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2017.2018}\)
Xét B = \(\frac{1}{1.2}+\frac{1}{2.3}+...+\frac{1}{2017.2018}\)
= \(1-\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2}-\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2017}-\frac{1}{2018}\)
=\(1-\frac{1}{2018}\)
Xét : \(\frac{2018}{2018}=1\)=) B < 1
khoan hình như sai đề
mình nhầm \(A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{3}+\frac{1}{4}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2018}-1}\)
\(D=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{2}{4^2}+\frac{3}{4^3}+\frac{4}{4^4}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4D-D=1+\frac{2}{4}+\frac{3}{4^2}+\frac{4}{4^3}+...+\frac{2018}{4^{2017}}+\frac{2019}{4^{2018}}\)
\(-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{2}{4^2}-\frac{3}{4^3}-\frac{4}{4^4}-...-\frac{2018}{4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\left(\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\right)-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
Đặt \(M=\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+\frac{1}{4^4}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4M=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}\)
\(\Rightarrow4M-M=1+\frac{1}{4}+\frac{1}{4^2}+\frac{1}{4^3}+...+\frac{1}{4^{2017}}\)
\(-\frac{1}{4}-\frac{1}{4^2}-\frac{1}{4^3}-\frac{1}{4^4}-...-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3M=1-\frac{1}{4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=1+\frac{1}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}\)
\(\Rightarrow3D=\frac{4}{3}-\frac{1}{3.4^{2018}}-\frac{2019}{4^{2019}}< \frac{4}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow D< \frac{4}{9}=\frac{40}{90}< \frac{45}{90}=\frac{1}{2}\left(đpcm\right)\)
Ta có:
\(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n+1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
\(=\left(\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Từ đây ta có
\(VT< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2017}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}\right)< 2\)
Ta có: \(\frac{1}{\left(n+1\right)\sqrt{n}}=\frac{\sqrt{n}}{n\left(n+1\right)}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{n}-\frac{1}{n1}\right)=\sqrt{n}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\). Mà:
\(\left(\frac{\sqrt{n}}{\sqrt{n+1}}+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{n}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{n+1}}\right)\)
Từ đó, ta có:
\(VT< 2\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{1}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+...+\frac{1}{\sqrt{2017}}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}\right)\)
\(=2\left(1-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2018}}\right)< 2\) (ĐPCM)
Đặt \(A=\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2018}}\) ta có :
\(2A=1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2017}}\)
\(2A-A=\left(1+\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2017}}\right)-\left(\frac{1}{2}+\frac{1}{2^2}+\frac{1}{2^3}+...+\frac{1}{2^{2018}}\right)\)
\(A=1-\frac{1}{2^{2018}}< 1\)
Vậy \(A< 1\) ( đpcm )
Chúc bạn học tốt ~