- Cho x,y là các số thực. CMR: /x/ + /y/ >_ /x+y/
- Chú ý: _ là dấu= ; /../ trị tuyệt đối
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tôi đã thử lòng các bạn nhưng ko có ai trả lời thì tớ giải cho nhé.
bài làm: Đặt \(\frac{x}{1998}=\frac{y}{1999}=\frac{z}{2000}=k\Rightarrow\)x =1998k ; y =1999k ; z =2000k
ta có : \(\left(x-z\right)^3=\left(1999k-2000k\right)^3\) = \(\left[k\cdot\left(1999-2000\right)\right]^3\)= \(k^3\cdot\left(-8\right)\) (1)
\(8\cdot\left(x-y\right)^2\cdot\left(y-z\right)\) = \(8\cdot\left(1998k-1999k\right)^2\cdot\left(1999k-2000k\right)\)
= \(8\cdot\left[k\cdot\left(1999-2000\right)\right]^2\cdot\left[k\cdot\left(1999-2000\right)\right]\)
= \(8\cdot k^2\cdot1\cdot k\cdot\left(-1\right)=k^3\cdot\left(-8\right)\) (2)
từ (1)và (2) \(\Rightarrow\left(x-z\right)^3=8\cdot\left(x-y\right)^2\cdot\left(y-z\right)\)
Đặt \(H=\frac{xz}{y^2+yz}+\frac{y^2}{zx+yz}+\frac{x+2z}{x+z}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\frac{y^2}{xz}+\frac{yz}{xz}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{y^2}+\frac{yz}{y^2}}+\frac{x+z+z}{x+z}\)
\(=\frac{1}{\frac{y^2}{zx}+\frac{y}{x}}+\frac{1}{\frac{zx}{y^2}+\frac{z}{y}}+\frac{1}{\frac{x}{z}+1}+1\)
Đặt \(\frac{x}{y}=a;\frac{y}{z}=b\Rightarrow ab=\frac{x}{z}\ge1\)
Khi đó \(H=\frac{1}{\frac{b}{a}+\frac{1}{a}}+\frac{1}{\frac{a}{b}+\frac{1}{b}}+\frac{1}{ab+1}+1\)
\(=\frac{a}{b+1}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{1}{ab+1}+1\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(U=\frac{a}{b+c}+\frac{b}{a+b}+\frac{1}{ab+1}\ge\frac{3}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{a}{b+1}+1\right)+\left(\frac{b}{a+1}+1\right)+\frac{1}{ab+1}\ge\frac{7}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{a+b+1}{b+1}+\frac{a+b+1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{ab+1}\ge\frac{7}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(a+b+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{b+1}+\frac{1}{a+1}\right)+\frac{1}{ab+1}\ge\frac{7}{2}\)
Khi đó \(Y=\left(a+b+1\right)\left(\frac{1}{a+1}+\frac{1}{b+1}\right)+\frac{1}{ab+1}\)
\(\ge\left(a+b+1\right)\cdot\frac{4}{a+b+2}+\frac{1}{ab+1}\)
\(\ge\frac{4\left(a+b+1\right)}{a+b+2}+\frac{1}{\frac{\left(a+b\right)^2}{4}+1}\)
Đặt \(t=a+b\ge2\sqrt{ab}\ge2\)
Ta cần chứng minh \(\frac{4\left(t+1\right)}{t+2}+\frac{1}{\frac{t^2}{4}+1}\ge\frac{7}{2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{\left(t-2\right)^3}{2\left(t+2\right)\left(t^2+4\right)}\ge0\) ( đúng )
Vậy ta có đpcm.
ta có:
\(\frac{xz}{y^2+yz}+\frac{y^2}{xz+yz}+\frac{z+2z}{z+x}=\frac{\frac{xz}{yz}}{\frac{y^2}{yz}+1}+\frac{\frac{y^2}{yz}}{\frac{xz}{yz}+1}+\frac{1+\frac{2z}{x}}{1+\frac{z}{x}}\)\(=\frac{\frac{x}{y}}{\frac{y}{z}+1}+\frac{\frac{y}{z}}{\frac{x}{y}+1}+\frac{1+\frac{2z}{x}}{1+\frac{z}{x}}=\frac{a^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+1}+\frac{1+2c^2}{1+c^2}\)
trong đó \(a^2=\frac{x}{y};b^2=\frac{y}{z};c^2=\frac{z}{x}\left(a;b;c>0\right)\)
Nhận xét rằng \(a^2\cdot b^2=\frac{x}{z}=\frac{1}{c^2}\ge1\)(do x>=z)
Xét \(\frac{a^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+1}+\frac{c^2}{ab+1}\)\(=\frac{a^2\left(a^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)+b^2\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)-2aba^2\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\)
\(=\frac{ab\left(a^2-b^2\right)+\left(a-b\right)\left(a^3-b^3\right)+\left(a-b\right)^2}{\left(a^2+1\right)\left(b^2+1\right)\left(ab+1\right)}\ge0\)
Do đó: \(\frac{a^2}{b^2+1}+\frac{b^2}{a^2+1}\ge\frac{2ab}{ab+1}=\frac{\frac{2}{c}}{\frac{1}{c}+1}=\frac{2}{1+c}\left(1\right)\)đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b
khi đó:
\(\frac{2}{1+c}+\frac{1+2c^2}{c^2+1}-\frac{5}{2}=\frac{2\left[2\left(1+c^2\right)+\left(1+c\right)\left(1+2c^2\right)\right]-5\left(1+c\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}{2\left(1+c\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}\)
\(=\frac{1-3c+3c^2-c^3}{2\left(1+c\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}=\frac{\left(1-c\right)^3}{2\left(1+c\right)\left(1+c^2\right)}\ge0\)(do c=<1) (2)
Từ (1) và (2) => đpcm
Đẳng thức xảy ra <=> a=b, c=1 <=> x=y=z
(-1:-1:0)(1:-1:0)(-1:1:0)(0:-1:-1)(0:1:-1)(0:-1:1)(1:0:-1)(-1:0:-1)(-1:0:-1)(0:0:-2)(0:-2:0)(2:0:0) 12 cặp + 6 cặp trên là 18 cặp
TH 1: \(x;y\le0\)
=> \(\left|x\right|+\left|y\right|=-x+\left(-y\right)\)và \(x+y\le0\)
=> \(\left|x+y\right|=-\left(x+y\right)=-x+\left(-y\right)\)
=> \(\left|x\right|+\left|y\right|=\left|x+y\right|\)\(\left(1\right)\)
TH 2: \(x\le0;y\ge0;x+y\le0\)
=> \(\left|x\right|+\left|y\right|=-x+y\)và \(\left|x+y\right|=-\left(x+y\right)=-x+\left(-y\right)\)
Mà \(y\ge0\)
=> \(y\ge-y\)
=> \(-x+y\ge-x+\left(-y\right)\)
=> \(\left|x\right|+\left|y\right|\ge\left|x+y\right|\)\(\left(2\right)\)
TH 3: \(x\le0;y\ge0;x+y\ge0\)
=> \(\left|x\right|+\left|y\right|=-x+y\)và \(\left|x+y\right|=x+y\)
Mà \(x\le0\)
=> \(-x\ge x\)
=> \(-x+y\ge x+y\)
=> \(\left|x\right|+\left|y\right|\ge\left|x+y\right|\)\(\left(3\right)\)
TH 4: \(x\ge0;y\le0;x+y\le0\)
=> \(\left|x\right|+\left|y\right|=x+\left(-y\right)\)và \(\left|x+y\right|=-\left(x+y\right)=-x+\left(-y\right)\)
Mà \(x\ge0\)
=> \(x\ge-x\)
=> \(x+\left(-y\right)\ge-x+\left(-y\right)\)
=> \(\left|x\right|+\left|y\right|\ge\left|x+y\right|\)\(\left(4\right)\)
TH 5: \(x;y\ge0\)
=> \(\left|x\right|+\left|y\right|=x+y\)và \(\left|x+y\right|=x+y\)
=> \(\left|x\right|+\left|y\right|=\left|x+y\right|\)\(\left(5\right)\)
Từ (1), (2), (3), (4), và (5) => \(\left|x\right|+\left|y\right|\ge\left|x+y\right|\)