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\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0.3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7.3}{36.5}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(NaOH+HCl\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O\)
Ta có :
\(n_{NaOH}>n_{HCl}\Rightarrow NaOHdư\)
\(n_{NaOH\left(pư\right)}=n_{HCl}=n_{NaCl}=0.2\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}=0.3-0.2=0.1\left(mol\right)\)
\(m_{cr}=m_{NaOH\left(dư\right)}+m_{NaCl}=0.1\cdot40+0.2\cdot58.5=15.7\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{12}{40}=0,3\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{HCl}=\dfrac{7,3}{36,5}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH: NaOH + HCl ---> NaCl + H2O
Ta thấy: \(\dfrac{0,3}{1}>\dfrac{0,2}{1}\)
Vậy NaOH dư, HCl hết.
Theo PT: \(n_{NaCl}=n_{HCl}=0,2\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{NaCl}=0,2.58,5=11,7\left(g\right)\)
Ta có: \(n_{H_2}=\dfrac{5,6}{22,4}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(a.PTHH:\)
\(Mg+2HCl--->MgCl_2+H_2\left(1\right)\)
\(CuO+2HCl--->CuCl_2+H_2O\left(2\right)\)
b. Theo PT(1): \(n_{Mg}=n_{H_2}=0,25\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{Mg}=0,25.24=6\left(g\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{CuO}=24,25-6=18,25\left(g\right)\)
c. Ta có: \(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{18,25}{80}=\dfrac{73}{320}\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{hh}=\dfrac{73}{320}+0,25=0,478125\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT(1,2): \(n_{HCl}=2.n_{hh}=2.0,478125=0,95625\left(mol\right)\)
Đổi 300ml = 0,3 lít
\(\Rightarrow C_{M_{HCl}}=\dfrac{0,95625}{0,3}=3,1875M\)
CuO + H2SO4 --------> CuSO4 + H2O
\(n_{CuO}=\dfrac{32}{80}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
Theo PT: \(n_{H_2SO_4}=n_{CuO}=0,4\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(m_{ddH_2SO_4}=\dfrac{0,4.98}{20\%}=196\left(g\right)\)
Bài 1 :
a) Khí đó là $SO_2$
$Na_2SO_3 + H_2SO_4 \to Na_2SO_4 + SO_2 + H_2O$
b) Dung dịch đó là $CuSO_4$
$CuO + H_2SO_4 \to CuSO_4 + H_2O$
c) Dung dịch đó là $Fe_2(SO_4)_3$
$Fe_2O_3 + 3H_2SO_4 \to Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2O$
$2Fe(OH)_3 + 3H_2SO_4 \to Fe_2(SO_4)_3 + 6H_2O$
d) Dung dịch đó là : $Al_2(SO_4)_3$
$2Al + 3H_2SO_4 \to Al_2(SO_4)_3 + 3H_2$
Bài 4 :
\(n_{H2}=\dfrac{V_{H2}}{22,4}=\dfrac{3,36}{22,4}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
Pt : \(2Al+3H_2SO_4\rightarrow Al_2\left(SO_4\right)_3+3H_2|\)
2 3 1 3
0,1 0,15 0,05 0,15
a) \(n_{Al}=\dfrac{0,15.2}{3}=0,1\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Al}=n_{Al}.M_{Al}\)
= 0,1 . 27
= 2,7 (g)
\(m_{Cu}=10-2,7=7,3\left(g\right)\)
0/0Al = \(\dfrac{m_{Al}.100}{m_{hh}}=\dfrac{2,7.100}{10}=27\)0/0
0/0Cu = \(\dfrac{m_{Cu}.100}{m_{hh}}=\dfrac{7,3.100}{10}=13\)0/0
b) \(n_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{0,15.1}{3}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=n_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3.}M_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}\)
= 0,05 . 342
= 17,1 (g)
\(n_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{0,1.3}{2}=0,15\left(mol\right)\)
⇒ \(m_{H2SO4}=n_{H2SO4}.M_{H2SO4}\)
= 0,15 .98
= 14,7 (g)
\(C_{H2SO4}=\dfrac{m_{ct}.100}{m_{dd}}\Rightarrow m_{dd}=\dfrac{m_{ct}.100}{C}=\)\(\dfrac{14,7.100}{15}=98\left(g\right)\)
mdung dịch sau phản ứng = (mAl + mCu) + mH2SO4 - mH2
= 10 + 98 - (0,15 . 2)
=107,7 (g)
\(C_{Al2\left(SO4\right)3}=\dfrac{m_{ct}.100}{m_{dd}}=\dfrac{17,1.100}{107,7}=15,88\)0/0
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