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a)x3+3x2+3x+1-27z3
=(x+1)3-(3z)3
=(x+1-3z)[(x+1)2+3z(x+1)+9z2
b)81x4+4
=(9x2)2+22
=(9x2+2)2-(6x)2
=(9x2-6x+2)(9x2+6x+2)
Bài làm :
\(\text{a)}9\left(x+y-1\right)^2-4\left(2x+3y+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x+3y-3\right)^2-\left(4x+6y+2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x+3y-3-4x-6y-2\right)\left(3x+3y-3+4x+6y+2\right)\)
\(=\left(-x-3y-5\right)\left(7x+9y-1\right)\)
\(\text{b)}3x^4y^2+3x^3y^2+3xy^2+3y^2\)
\(=\left(3x^4y^2+3xy^2\right)+\left(3x^3y^2+3y^2\right)\)
\(=3xy^2\left(x^3+1\right)+3y^2\left(x^3+1\right)\)
\(=\left(3xy^2+3y^2\right)\left(x^3+1\right)\)
\(=3y^2\left(x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(=3y^2\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(\text{c)}\left(x+y\right)^3-1-3xy\left(x+y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y-1\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2+x+y+1\right]-3xy\left(x+y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2+x+y+1-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x^2+x+y^2+y+1-xy\right)\)
\(d ) x^3+3x^2+3x+1-27z^3\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^3-\left(3z\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+1-3z\right)\left(x^2+2x+1+3xz+3z+9z^2\right)\)
a, x^4 - 5x^2 + 4
= x^4 - 4x^2- x+ 4
= x^2 . (x^2 - 4) - (x^2 - 4)
= (x^2 - 4) . (x^2 - 1)
= (x - 2) . (x + 2) . (x - 1) . (x + 1)
\(\left(x+y+z\right)^3-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(=\left(x+y\right)^3+3\left(x+y\right)z\left(x+y+z\right)+z^3-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(=x^3+y^3+z^3+3xy\left(x+y\right)+3\left(x+y\right)z\left(x+y+z\right)-x^3-y^3-z^3\)
\(=3\left(x+y\right)\left(xy+xz+yz+z^2\right)\)
\(=3\left(x+y\right)\left(y+z\right)\left(z+x\right)\)
a) \(9\left(x+y-1\right)^2-4\left(2x+3y+1\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x+3y-3\right)^2-\left(4x+6y+2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(3x+3y-3-4x-6y-2\right)\left(3x+3y-3+4x+6y+2\right)\)
\(=\left(-x-3y-5\right)\left(7x+9y-1\right)\)
b) \(3x^4y^2+3x^3y^2+3xy^2+3y^2\)
\(=\left(3x^4y^2+3xy^2\right)+\left(3x^3y^2+3y^2\right)\)
\(=3xy^2\left(x^3+1\right)+3y^2\left(x^3+1\right)\)
\(=\left(3xy^2+3y^2\right)\left(x^3+1\right)\)
\(=3y^2\left(x+1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
\(=3y^2\left(x+1\right)^2\left(x^2-x+1\right)\)
c) \(\left(x+y\right)^3-1-3xy\left(x+y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y-1\right)\left[\left(x+y\right)^2+x+y+1\right]-3xy\left(x+y-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x^2+2xy+y^2+x+y+1-3xy\right)\)
\(=\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x^2+x+y^2+y+1-xy\right)\)
a.
\(=\left(x+1\right)^3-\left(3z\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+1+3z\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+3z\left(x+1\right)+9z^2\right]\)
\(=\left(x+3z+1\right)\left(x^2+2x+1+3zx+3z+9z^2\right)\)
b.
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-z\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y-z\right)\)
c.
\(=x^4-1+4x^2-4\)
\(=\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+1\right)+4\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+5\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+5\right)\)
a) Ta có: \(x^3+3x^2+3x+1-27z^3\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^3-\left(3z\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+1-3z\right)\left(x^2+2x+1+3xz+3z+9z^2\right)\)
b) Ta có: \(x^2-2xy+y^2-zx+yz\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)^2-z\left(x-y\right)\)
\(=\left(x-y\right)\left(x-y-z\right)\)
c) Ta có: \(x^4+4x^2-5\)
\(=x^4+4x^2+4-9\)
\(=\left(x^2+2\right)^2-3^2\)
\(=\left(x^2-1\right)\left(x^2+5\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2+5\right)\)
a) = (x + 1)^3 - 27z^3 = (x+1 - 3z)( (x+1)^2 + 3z(x+1) + 9z^2 )
b)= x^2 + x+ 3x + 3 = x (x+1) +3 (x+1) =(x+3)(x+1)
c) = 2x^2 - 2x + 5x - 5 = 2x(x-1) + 5(x-1) = (2x+5)(x-1)
d) = (a^2 + 1 - 2a)(a^2 +2a +1) = (a-1)^2 * (a+1)^2
e) = x^3 ( x-1) - (x^2 - 1) = x^3 ( x-1) - (x+1)(x-1) = (x^3 -x -1)(x-1)
\(b.x^4+4x^2-5=x^4-x^2+5x^2-5\)
\(=x^2\left(x^2-1\right)+5\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5\right)\left(x^2-1\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+5\right)\left(x-1\right)\left(x+1\right)\)
\(c.x^3-19x-30=x^3-25x+6x-30\)
\(=x\left(x-5\right)\left(x+5\right)+6\left(x-5\right)\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)\left(x^2+5x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)\left(x^2+2x+3x+6\right)\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)\left[x\left(x+2\right)+3\left(x+2\right)\right]\)
\(=\left(x-5\right)\left(x+2\right)\left(x+3\right)\)
a) \(x^3-3x^2-3x+1\)
\(=\left(x^3+1\right)-\left(3x^2+3x\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1\right)-3x\left(x+1\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-x+1-3x\right)\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)\left(x^2-4x+1\right)\)
b) \(4x^2+4x+1-y^2-16y-64\)
\(=\left(2x+1\right)^2-\left(y+8\right)^2\)
\(=\left(2x+1-y-8\right)\left(2x+1+y+8\right)\)
\(=\left(2x-7-y\right)\left(2x+9+y\right)\)
c) \(x^3+3x^2+3x+1-27z^3\)
\(=\left(x+1\right)^3-\left(3z\right)^3\)
\(=\left(x+1-3z\right)\left[\left(x+1\right)^2+3z\left(x+1\right)+9z^2\right]\)
\(=\left(x+1-3z\right)\left(x^2+2x+1+3xz+3z+9z^2\right)\)
d) \(\left(x^2+y^2-5\right)^2-4\left(x^2y^2+4xy+4\right)\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2-4-1\right)^2-4\left(xy+2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2-5\right)^2-4\left(xy+2\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2-5\right)^2-\left(2xy+4\right)^2\)
\(=\left(x^2+y^2-5-2xy-4\right)\left(x^2+y^2-5+2xy+4\right)\)
\(=\left[\left(x-y\right)^2-9\right]\left[\left(x+y\right)^2-1\right]\)
\(=\left(x-y-3\right)\left(x-y+3\right)\left(x+y-1\right)\left(x+y+1\right)\)
\(x^3+y^3-3x^2+3x-1\\=(x^3-3x^2+3x-1)+y^3\\=(x-1)^3+y^3\\=(x-1+y)[(x-1)^2-(x-1)y+y^2]\\=(x+y-1)(x^2-2x+1-xy+y+y^2)\)
x^3 + 3x^2 + 3x +1 = ( x +3 ) ^3 - 27z^3 = ( x+3-27 ).[(x+3)^2 - 27 (x +3) + 27^2 ]