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1. I think it is a good ___CHOICE____ in this circumstance.( CHOOSE)
2. We are having an interview with Mr. Phong, one of the Elephant Race___ỎGANIZATION___. (ORGANISE)
3. There are a lot of cultural and ___ARTISTIC____ activities held as part of this festival.(ART)
4. Waves will be used as an ____ENVIRONMENTAL____ friendly source of energy.(ENVIRONMENT)
5. Solar power can be used to ___HEAT____ or cool our house.(HOT)
6. There will be a ____SHORTAGE____ of energy in the near future. (SHORT)
1. I think it is a good ___CHOICE____ in this circumstance.( CHOOSE)
2. We are having an interview with Mr. Phong, one of the Elephant Race___organiZer (người tổ chức)___. (ORGANISE)
3. There are a lot of cultural and ___ARTISTIC____ activities held as part of this festival.(ART)
4. Waves will be used as an ____ENVIRONMENTALLY____ friendly source of energy.(ENVIRONMENT)
5. Solar power can be used to ___HEAT____ or cool our house.(HOT)
6. There will be a ____SHORTAGE____ of energy in the near future. (SHORT)
Give the correct form of the given words to complete the sentences
1 Vesak Day is a religious festival for those who follow Buddhism ( religion )
2 I think it is a good choice in this circumstance ( choose)
3 We are having an interview with Mr.Phong , one of the Elephant Race organnizers ( organise)
4. The Carnival of Rio de Janeiro is a very.............fascinated............... festival ( fascinate )
5 Thanksgiving is a..........seasonal...........festival held in the USA and some other countries ( season)
6 We have become regular.........attendents..............at Da Lat Flower Festival ( attend)
7 There are a lot of cultural and........artistic...............activities held as part of this festival ( art)
8 Tet holiday is the most important..............celebration.................for Vietnamese people ( celebrate )
9 Hoi Mua Festival is held by people of ethnic..........minority.................in Phu Yen Province ( minor )
10 It is very...........joyful............... to participate in Songkran Water Festival ( joy)
1 Vesak Day is a religious festival for those who follow Buddhism ( religion )
2 I think it is a good choice in this circumstance ( choose)
3 We are having an interview with Mr.Phong , one of the Elephant Race organnizers ( organise)
4. The Carnival of Rio de Janeiro is a very.............fascinated............... festival ( fascinate )
5 Thanksgiving is a..........seasonal...........festival held in the USA and some other countries ( season)
6 We have become regular.........attendents..............at Da Lat Flower Festival ( attend)
7 There are a lot of cultural and........artistic...............activities held as part of this festival ( art)
8 Tet holiday is the most important..............celebration.................for Vietnamese people ( celebrate )
9 Hoi Mua Festival is held by people of ethnic..........minority.................in Phu Yen Province ( minor )
10 It is very...........joyful............... to participate in Songkran Water Festival ( joy)
Nowadays in the news you can read a lot about biotechnology and the controversies about it and perhaps you ask yourself what it is exactly. Well, this article is going to give you a brief history of the field of biotechnology and show you that, although the word “biotechnology” was first used in 1919, we have been using biotechnology for many thousands of years in ways that are completely uncontroversial. It will also look at the more modern developments which have started intense debate. When you are drinking a cold beer on a hot day, or eating a delicious cheese sandwich, you can thank biotechnology for the pleasure you are experiencing. That’s right! Beer, bread and cheese are all produced using biotechnology. Perhaps a definition will be useful to understand how. A standard definition is that biotechnology (or biotech for short) is the application of science and engineering to the direct or indirect use of living organisms. And as you know, the food and drink above are all produced by the fermentation of micro-organisms. In beer, the yeast multiplies as it eats the sugars in the mixture and turns them into alcohol and CO2. This ancient technique was first used in Egypt to make bread and wine around 4000BC! Antibiotics are used to prevent and treat diseases, especially those caused by bacteria. They are natural substances that are created by bacteria and fungi. The first antibiotic was made in China in about 500BC – to cure boils. In 1928 Alexander Fleming discovered penicillin and it was considered a medical miracle. Modern research is looking at the creation of super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them. Our modern consumer society produces a lot of waste which needs to be disposed of safely and without harmful end products. Environmental biotechnology can help. Indeed, the use of bacteria to treat sewage was first practiced in 1914 in Manchester, England. Vermiculture or using worms to treat waste is another environmentally-friendly practice and the end product is a natural fertiliser. Bacteria have even been developed to help with problems such as oil spills. They convert crude oil and gasoline into non-toxic substances such as carbon dioxide, water and oxygen and help create a cleaner, healthier environment. These examples of biotechnology are accepted by most people. However, the discovery of the DNA structure by Watson and Crick in 1953 was the beginning of the modern era of genetics and the following areas of biotech are very controversial. Read on… The genetic modification of plants and crops has been in practice for many years. This involves changing the genetic code of these plants so that they are more resistant to bad conditions like drought, floods and frost. Supporters of GM food say that it can offer the consumer better quality, safety and taste and for over a decade Americans have been eating GM food. However, things are very different in Europe where genetically modified food is very strictly regulated and regarded with deep suspicion by the public. GM food has even been called “Frankenfood” in the press, a term inspired by the novel Frankenstein by Mary Shelley. There is a great cultural divide between America and Europe over whether such food is safe to eat and will not harm the environment and the discussion is still in progress. 1997 saw the birth of Dolly the sheep, the first animal cloned from an adult cell. This was a remarkable achievement which created world-wide debate on the ethical issues surrounding cloning. International organisations such as the European parliament, UNESCO and WHO all declared that human cloning is both morally and legally wrong. However, we need to make a distinction between reproductive cloning and therapeutic cloning. Nowadays the idea of reproductive cloning – creating a copy of another person - is no longer interesting for researchers. Instead therapeutic cloning is creating excitement in the biotech world. Key to this technique is stem cells, which are master cells that have the potential to become any other kind of cell in the body e.g. nerve cells, blood, heart muscle or even brain cells. Stem cells themselves have generated a lot of controversy as it was believed that only human embryos could provide them. However, it now appears that adult stem cells offer the same possibility. This would mean that a patient who suffered a heart attack could provide doctors with his adult stem cells which could then be implanted back into his heart and used to create heart muscle, replacing the muscle that was damaged. As the genetic code is identical, there would be no problem of the body rejecting the implant as, unfortunately, happens with organ transplants. In the future, biotechnologists hope that stem cells could be used to grow entire organs. In this way biotechnology offers the hope of revolutionising medical treatment. In this brief overview of the history of biotechnology we have jumped from making bread to making human organs - an enormous leap- and it is clear that these modern practices raise many controversial issues. However, despite the debate, we can imagine that as biotechnology has been around for many years, it will still be around for some time to come - but who knows where it will take us?
Questions:
After reading, choose the best answer for the following questions
1. What is the main topic of the article?
Brief history and modern developments of biotechnology
Benefit of biotechnology
Modern research in biotechnology
2. What does the pronoun "IT" in the first paragraph refer to?
Biotechnology
The article
The word "Biotechnology"
3. Which products were first made with fermentation of micro-organisms?
Beer, bread and cheese
Bread and wine
Beer and cheese
Decide whether the statement below is True or False.
4. Alexander Fleming discovered super-antibodies which can kill bacteria and viruses inside the cells that house them.
TrueFalse
5. GM food is easily available in the U.S. and Europe.
TrueFalse
6.Researchers believe that adult stem cells could be used to create body parts.
TrueFalse
It's believed that cultural identity helps us identify ourselves as part of a culture.
This can be shown through the language we use to communicate, the food we often eat, the national clothes we wear on special occasions or festivals and cultural praces.
Among these, I think food and culinary traditions are the most important cultural identifiers.
On an individual level, there is a connection between food and each person's family ties.
We grow up eating the food cooked by our mother or other members in our family, so food becomes closely connected to our family traditions.
Many of us associate food from our childhood with warm feelings and good memories and it reminds us of our families and holds a special and personal value for us.
Food from our family often becomes the comfort food we seek when we miss our family or feel stressed.
I still remember a memorable moment when I was a kid.
I could not eat rice because I had a toothache.
My mother cooked soup and brought it to bed for me.
The flavor of the soup became something very familiar to me.
Now, whenever I feel tired or stressed, I remember the soup my mom used to make for me and I crave that soup.
On a larger scale, food is an important part of national culture.
It helps tell where each of us is from.
Each country has its own national cuisine.
For example, Chinese food mainly has sweet and spicy flavor with a special focus on red color decoration.
Traditional cuisine is passed down from one generation to the next and acts as a prominent expression of cultural identity.
Immigrants bring the food of their countries with them wherever they go and cooking traditional food is a way of preserving their culture when they move to new places.
In conclusion, food connects people to their family and nation, so it is a good reflection of a person's culture identity.
Some people believe cultural identity is how we identify ourselves as part of a culture.This can simply be done through the language we use, the food we often have, or the clothing we often wear on special occasions. In my opinion, festivals and cultural praces celebrated and preserved years after years are the most important cultural identifiers.
Through festivals, we want to express our unity as well as cultural identifier. Originally, festivals are special occasions when people at a parular place stop working in order to celebrate parties or events. They are often connected with religious beliefs of a specific group of people to thank God sand ancestors for good harvests, fortune, and happiness.
Along with festivals, cultural praces are unique ways of expressing who we are and what country or culture we belong to. These are traditionally considered the right things to do in a community. For example, Vietnamese people usually go to pagodas on first days of New Year to pray for good health and happiness. Although we are now in modern time, these traditions are well preserved respectably as a cultural stereotype.
As people all over the world become closer and closer, we share our festivals and cultural praces - the most important features. We organise international festivals and take part in various kinds of cultural events in other countries. This is always the meaningful way of identifying, sharing and preserving cultures.