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Gọi tọa độ trực tâm H là \(H\left(x;y\right).\)
Vì H là trực tâm của △ ABC. \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AH}\perp\overrightarrow{BC.}\\\overrightarrow{BH}\perp\overrightarrow{AC.}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{AH}.\overrightarrow{BC}=0.\\\overrightarrow{BH}.\overrightarrow{AC}=0.\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có: \(\overrightarrow{AH}=\left(x-2;y-4\right);\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-1;-5\right).\)
\(\overrightarrow{BH}=\left(x+1;y-2\right);\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-4;-7\right).\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-2\right)\left(-1\right)+\left(y-4\right)\left(-5\right)=0.\\\left(x+1\right)\left(-4\right)+\left(y-2\right)\left(-7\right)=0.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x+2-5y+20=0.\\-4x-4-7y+14=0.\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-x-5y=-22.\\-4x-7y=-10.\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-8.\\y=6.\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow H\left(-8;6\right).\)
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a) Tọa độ vectơ \(\overrightarrow u = \left( {2.\left( { - 1} \right) + 3 - 3.2;2.2 + 1 - 3.\left( { - 3} \right)} \right) = \left( { - 5;14} \right)\)
b) Do \(\overrightarrow x + 2\overrightarrow b = \overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow c \Leftrightarrow \overrightarrow x = \overrightarrow a + \overrightarrow c - 2\overrightarrow b = \left( { - 1 + 2 - 2.3;2 + \left( { - 3} \right) - 2.1} \right) = \left( { - 5; - 3} \right)\)
Vậy \(\overrightarrow x = \left( { - 5; - 3} \right)\)
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\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\overrightarrow{PM}=\left(-1-a;2-b\right)\\3\overrightarrow{PN}=3\left(1-a;-b\right)=\left(3-3a;-3b\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-1-a=3-3a\\2-b=-3b\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
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(1); vecto u=2*vecto a-vecto b
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2\cdot1-0=2\\y=2\cdot\left(-4\right)-2=-10\end{matrix}\right.\)
(2): vecto u=-2*vecto a+vecto b
=>\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-2\cdot\left(-7\right)+4=18\\y=-2\cdot3+1=-5\end{matrix}\right.\)
(3): vecto a=2*vecto u-5*vecto v
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\cdot\left(-5\right)-5\cdot0=-10\\b=2\cdot4-5\cdot\left(-3\right)=15+8=23\end{matrix}\right.\)
(4): vecto OM=(x;y)
2 vecto OA-5 vecto OB=(-18;37)
=>x=-18; y=37
=>x+y=19
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Bài 2:
D thuộc trục Ox nên D(x;0)
\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(-9;3\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{AD}=\left(x-6;-3\right)\)
Để A,B,D thẳng hàng thì \(\dfrac{x-6}{-9}=\dfrac{-3}{3}=-1\)
=>x-6=1
=>x=7
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\(\overrightarrow{BC}=\left(-4;-4\right)=-4\left(1;1\right)\)
Phương trình BC: \(1\left(x-4\right)-1\left(y-1\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x-y-3=0\)
Phương trình AH qua A và vuông góc BC:
\(1\left(x-1\right)+1\left(y-2\right)=0\Leftrightarrow x+y-3=0\)
H là giao điểm AH và BC nên tọa độ thỏa mãn: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-y-3=0\\x+y-3=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow H\left(3;0\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\overrightarrow{AH}=\left(2;-2\right)\Rightarrow AH=2\sqrt{2}\)
![](https://rs.olm.vn/images/avt/0.png?1311)
Vì C thuộc trục tung nên C(0;y)
\(\overrightarrow{AB}=\left(-4;-1\right)\)
\(\overrightarrow{AC}=\left(-1;y-2\right)\)
Theo đề, ta có: 4-(y-2)=0
=>y-2=4
hay y=6
Vì C thuộc trục tung nên C(0;y)
AB=(−4;−1)AB→=(−4;−1)
AC=(−1;y−2)AC→=(−1;y−2)
Theo đề, ta có: 4-(y-2)=0
=>y-2=4hay y=6
\(\overrightarrow{u}=2.\overrightarrow{a}+\overrightarrow{b}=\left(-1.2+3;2.2-2\right)=\left(1;2\right)\)