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a, Ta có: \(n_{KOH}=\frac{0,56}{56}=0,01\left(mol\right)\)
\(KOH\rightarrow K^++OH^-\)
0,01 __________ 0,01 (mol)
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\frac{0,01}{0,5}=0,02M\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=5.10^{-13}M\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left[H^+\right]\approx12,3\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,08\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=0,059\left(mol\right)\)
PT ion: \(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
_____0,059 ← 0,059 (mol)
⇒ OH- dư. \(n_{OH^-\left(dư\right)}=0,021\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\frac{0,021}{0,7}=0,03M\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]\approx3,33.10^{-13}\)
\(\Rightarrow pH\approx12,5\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
1.
\(nOH^-=2nBa\left(OH\right)_2+nKOH=2.0,25.0,01+0,25.0,02=0,01mol\)\(nH^+=2nH_2SO_4=0,5a\left(mol\right)\)
Dung dịch sau phản ứng là môi trường axit.
\(pH=2\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=10^{-2}M\)
\(\frac{nH^+-nOH^-}{V}=\left[H^+\right]\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{0,5a-0,01}{0,5}=10^{-2}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=0,03M\)
\(nBa^{2+}=2,5.10^{-3}mol\)
\(nSO_4^{2-}=7,5.10^{-3}mol\)
\(Ba^{2+}+SO_4^{2-}\rightarrow BaSO_4\)
Chất sản phẩm tính theo nBa2+
\(b=2,5.10^{-3}.233=0,5825g\)
Câu 15 :
$n_{HCl} = 0,2.0,1 = 0,02(mol)$
$n_{H_2SO_4} = 0,2.0,05 = 0,01(mol)$
$\Rightarrow n_{H^+} = 0,02 + 0,01.2 = 0,04(mol)$
$n_{OH^-\ dư} = 0,5.(10-14 : 10-13) = 0,05(mol)$
$H^+ + OH^- \to H_2O$
$n_{OH^-} = 0,04 + 0,05 = 0,09(mol)$
$n_{Ba(OH)_2} = \dfrac{1}{2}n_{OH^-} = 0,045(mol)$
$a = 0,045 : 0,3 = 0,15(M)$
$Ba^{2+} + SO_4^{2-} \to BaSO_4$
$n_{Ba^{2+}} = 0,045 > n_{SO_4^{2-}} = 0,01$ nên $Ba^{2+}$ dư
n BaSO4 = n SO4 = 0,01(mol)
=> m = 0,01.233 = 2,33(gam)
Đáp án A
Đáp án C
nBa(OH)2 = 0,25 x mol; nOH-= 0,5x mol
nH+ = 0,025 mol, nSO4(2-) = 0,0025 mol
H++ OH- → H2O
0,025 0,025 mol
Dung dịch sau phản ứng có pH = 12 nên OH- dư
nOH- dư = 0,5x- 0,025
[OH-] dư = nOH- dư/ Vdd = (0,5x- 0,025)/0,5 =10-2 suy ra a = 0,06 M
Ba2++ SO42- → BaSO4
0,015 0,0025 0,0025 mol
mBaSO4 = 0,5825 gam
Ví dụ 5 :
n KOH = 0,02.0,35 = 0,007(mol)
n HCl = 0,08.0,1 = 0,008(mol)
$KOH + HCl \to KCl + H_2O$
n HCl pư = n KOH = 0,007(mol)
=> n HCl dư = 0,008 - 0,007 = 0,001(mol)
V dd = 0,02 + 0,08 = 0,1(mol)
=> [H+ ] = CM HCl dư = 0,001/0,1 = 0,01M
=> pH = -log(0,01) = 2
\(n_{OH^-}=0,5.0,2+0,2.2.0,3=0,22\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{0,22}{0,5}=0,44M\)
\(n_{Na^+}=0,5.0,2=0,1\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\left[Na^+\right]=\dfrac{0,1}{0,5}=0,2M\)
\(n_{Ba^{2+}}=0,2.0,3=0,06\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,06}{0,5}=0,12M\)
\(b.n_{NaOH\left(tổng\right)}=0,4.0,5+\dfrac{100.1,33.20\%}{40}=0,865\left(mol\right)\\ \left[Na^+\right]=\left[OH^-\right]=\left[NaOH\left(sau\right)\right]=\dfrac{0,865}{0,4+0,1}=1,73\left(M\right)\\ c.n_{HCl}=0,05.0,12=0,006\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HNO_3}=0,15.0,1=0,015\left(mol\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,006+0,015}{0,05+0,15}=0,105\left(M\right)\\ \left[NO^-_3\right]=\dfrac{0,015}{0,05+0,15}=0,075\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,006}{0,05+0,15}=0,03\left(M\right)\)
\(d.n_{H_2SO_4}=0,4.0,05=0,02\left(mol\right)\\ n_{HCl}=0,35.0,2=0,07\left(mol\right)\\ \left[H^+\right]=\dfrac{0,02.2+0,07}{0,05+0,35}=0,275\left(M\right)\\ \left[SO^{2-}_4\right]=\dfrac{0,02}{0,05+0,35}=0,05\left(M\right)\\ \left[Cl^-\right]=\dfrac{0,07}{0,05+0,35}=0,175\left(M\right)\\ f.n_{KOH}=\dfrac{20.1,31.32\%}{56}=\dfrac{131}{875}\left(mol\right)\\ n_{Ba\left(OH\right)_2}=0,08.1=0,08\left(mol\right)\\ \left[OH^-\right]=\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{875}+0,08.2}{0,02+0,08}=\dfrac{542}{175}\left(M\right)\\ \left[Ba^{2+}\right]=\dfrac{0,08}{0,02+0,08}=0,8\left(M\right)\)
\(\left[K^+\right]=\dfrac{\dfrac{131}{875}}{0,02+0,08}=\dfrac{262}{175}\left(M\right)\)
a, Ta có: \(n_{KOH}=0,005\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow n_{OH^-}=n_{KOH}=0,005\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[OH^-\right]=\frac{0,005}{0,5}=0,01M\)
\(\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=10^{-12}M\Rightarrow pH=12\)
b, Ta có: \(n_{H^+}=2n_{H_2SO_4}=0,06\left(mol\right)\)
\(n_{OH^-}=n_{NaOH}=0,05\left(mol\right)\)
\(H^++OH^-\rightarrow H_2O\)
0,05 ← 0,05 (mol)
⇒ H+ dư. \(n_{H^+\left(dư\right)}=0,01\left(mol\right)\Rightarrow\left[H^+\right]=0,0125M\)
\(\Rightarrow pH=-log\left[H^+\right]\approx1,9\)
Bạn tham khảo nhé!
Thanks bn