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bài này ta có thể giải theo 2 cách
ta có A = \(\frac{x^2-2x+2011}{x^2}\)
= \(\frac{x^2}{x^2}\)- \(\frac{2x}{x^2}\)+ \(\frac{2011}{x^2}\)
= 1 - \(\frac{2}{x}\)+ \(\frac{2011}{x^2}\)
đặt \(\frac{1}{x}\)= y ta có
A= 1- 2y + 2011y^2
cách 1 :
A = 2011y^2 - 2y + 1
= 2011 ( y^2 - \(\frac{2}{2011}y\)+ \(\frac{1}{2011}\))
= 2011( y^2 - 2.y.\(\frac{1}{2011}\)+ \(\frac{1}{2011^2}\)- \(\frac{1}{2011^2}\) + \(\frac{1}{2011}\))
= 2011 \(\left(\left(y-\frac{1}{2011}\right)^2\right)+\frac{2010}{2011^2}\)
= 2011\(\left(y-\frac{1}{2011}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
vì ( y - \(\frac{1}{2011}\)) 2>=0
=> 2011\(\left(y-\frac{1}{2011}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)> = \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
hay A >=\(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
cách 2
A = 2011y^2 - 2y + 1
= ( \(\sqrt{2011y^2}\)) - 2 . \(\sqrt{2011y}\). \(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\)+ \(\frac{1}{2011}\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
= \(\left(\sqrt{2011y}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
vì \(\left(\sqrt{2011y}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\right)^2\)> =0
nên \(\left(\sqrt{2011y}-\frac{1}{\sqrt{2011}}\right)^2\)+ \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)>= \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
hay A >= \(\frac{2010}{2011}\)
\(A=\frac{2007x^2-2x.2007+2007^2}{2007x^2}=\frac{x^2-2x.2007+2007^2}{2007x^2}+\frac{2006x^2}{2007x^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-2007\right)^2}{2007x^2}+\frac{2006}{2007}\ge\frac{2006}{2007}\)
A min =\(\frac{2006}{2007}\)khi \(x-2007=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=2007\)
\(A=\frac{2007x^2-2x.2007+2007^2}{2007x^2}\)
\(A=\frac{x^2-2x.2007-2007^2}{2007x^2}+\frac{2006x^2}{2007x^2}\)
\(A=\frac{\left(x-2007\right)^2}{2007x^2}+\frac{2006}{2007}\ge\frac{2006}{2007}\)
\(\Rightarrow Amin=\frac{2006}{2007}\)khi \(x-2007=0\)
\(\Rightarrow x=2007\)
\(P-2015=\dfrac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2}\ge0\) nên \(P\ge2015\), xảy ra dấu bằng khi x = 1.
Ta có: \(P=\frac{2016x^2-2x+1}{x^2}=\frac{2015x^2+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)}{x^2}\)
\(=2015+\frac{\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2}\ge2015\left(\forall x\ne0\right)\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi: \(\left(x-1\right)^2=0\Rightarrow x=1\)
Vậy Min(P) = 2015 khi x = 1
Ta có : \(P=\frac{2016x^2-2x+1}{x^2}\)
\(=\frac{2015x^2+\left(x-1\right)^2}{x^2}\)
\(=2015+\left(\frac{x-1}{x}\right)^2\)
Vì \(\left(\frac{x-1}{x}\right)^2\ge0\forall x\ne0\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge2015\forall x\ne0\)
Dấu \("="\) xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\left(\frac{x-1}{x}\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\frac{x-1}{x}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-1=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
Vậy \(MinP=2015\Leftrightarrow x=1\)
\(A=\frac{x^2-2x+2007}{2007x^2}=\frac{2006}{2007^2}+\frac{x^2-4014x+2007^2}{2007^2x^2}=\frac{2006}{2007^2}+\frac{\left(x-2007\right)^2}{2007^2x^2}\ge\frac{2006}{2007^2}\)
Dấu ''='' xảy ra \(\Leftrightarrow\) x = 2007
\(A=\frac{2007x^2-2x.2007+2007^2}{2007x^2}\)
\(=\frac{x^2-2x.2007+2007^2}{2007x^2}+\frac{2006x^2}{2007x^2}\)
\(=\frac{\left(x-2007\right)^2}{2007x^2}+\frac{2006}{2007}\ge\frac{2006}{2007}\)
A min =\(\frac{2006}{2007}\)khi \(x-2007=0\) hay \(x=2007\)
a)\(\frac{x^2+4}{x^2}+\frac{4}{x+1}\left(\frac{1}{x}+1\right)\)
\(=\frac{x^2+4}{x^2}+\frac{4}{x+1}.\frac{x+1}{x}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+4}{x^2}+\frac{4}{x}\)
\(=\frac{x^2+4x+4}{x^2}\)
\(\left(\frac{x+2}{x}\right)^2\)
=>phép chia = 1 với mọi x # 0 và x#-1
b)Cm tương tự
\(1.\)
\(-17-\left(x-3\right)^2\)
Ta có: \(\left(x-3\right)^2\ge0\)với \(\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow-\left(x-3\right)^2\le0\)với \(\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow17-\left(x-3\right)^2\le17\)với \(\forall x\)
Dấu '' = '' xảy ra khi:
\(\left(x-3\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x-3=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=3\)
Vậy \(Max=-17\)khi \(x=3\)
\(2.\)
\(A=x\left(x+1\right)+\frac{3}{2}\)
\(A=x^2+x+\frac{3}{2}\)
\(A=\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\)
\(\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\ge\frac{5}{4}\)với \(\forall x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x+\frac{1}{2}\right)^2+\frac{5}{4}\ge\frac{5}{4}\)với \(\forall x\)
Vậy \(Max=\frac{5}{4}\)khi \(x=\frac{-1}{2}\)
\(A=\frac{x^2-2x+2011}{x^2}=\frac{x^2}{x^2}-\frac{2x}{x^2}+\frac{2011}{x^2}=1-\frac{2}{x}+\frac{2011}{x^2}\)
Đặt \(t=\frac{1}{x}\) ta có: \(A=2011t^2-2t+1\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=2011t^2-2t+\frac{1}{2011}+\frac{2010}{2011}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=2011\left(t^2-\frac{2t}{2011}+\frac{1}{2011^2}\right)+\frac{2010}{2011}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow A=2011\left(t-\frac{1}{2011}\right)^2+\frac{2010}{2011}\ge\frac{2010}{2011}\)
Đẳng thức xảy ra khi \(t=\frac{1}{2011}\Leftrightarrow x=2011\)
Ta có:\(\frac{x^2-2x+2011}{x^2}\ge\frac{2010}{2011}\Rightarrow2011\left(x^2-2x+2011\right)\ge2010x^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2011x^2-2x2011+2011^2\ge2010^2\)
\(\Rightarrow2011x^2-2x2011+2011-2010x^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2-2x2011+2011^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x-2011\right)^2\ge0\)(đúng)
\(\Rightarrow\)đpcm