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Câu 4:
Giả sử điều cần chứng minh là đúng
\(\Rightarrow x=y\), thay vào điều kiện ở đề bài, ta được:
\(\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}=\sqrt{x+2014}+\sqrt{2015-x}-\sqrt{2014-x}\) (luôn đúng)
Vậy điều cần chứng minh là đúng
2) \(\sqrt{x^2-5x+4}+2\sqrt{x+5}=2\sqrt{x-4}+\sqrt{x^2+4x-5}\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{\left(x-4\right)\left(x-1\right)}-2\sqrt{x-4}+2\sqrt{x+5}-\sqrt{\left(x+5\right)\left(x-1\right)}=0\)
⇔ \(\sqrt{x-4}.\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)-\sqrt{x+5}\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left(\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}\right)\left(\sqrt{x-1}-2\right)=0\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}-\sqrt{x+5}=0\\\sqrt{x-1}-2=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{x-4}=\sqrt{x+5}\\\sqrt{x-1}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ \(\left[{}\begin{matrix}x\in\varnothing\\x=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
⇔ x = 5
Vậy S = {5}
a) ĐKXĐ: \(x,y\ge0\)
\(M=\dfrac{x\sqrt{y}-\sqrt{y}-y\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\dfrac{x\sqrt{y}-y\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}}{1+\sqrt{xy}}\)
\(=\dfrac{\sqrt{xy}\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)+\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\dfrac{\left(\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\right)\left(1+\sqrt{xy}\right)}{1+\sqrt{xy}}=\sqrt{x}-\sqrt{y}\)
b) \(x=\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)^2\Rightarrow\sqrt{x}=\sqrt{\left(1-\sqrt{3}\right)^2}=\left|1-\sqrt{3}\right|=\sqrt{3}-1\)
\(y=3-\sqrt{8}\Rightarrow\sqrt{y}=\sqrt{3-\sqrt{8}}=\sqrt{3-2\sqrt{2}}=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}\right)^2-2.\sqrt{2}.1+1^2}\)
\(=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)^2}=\left|\sqrt{2}-1\right|=\sqrt{2}-1\)
\(\Rightarrow M=\left(\sqrt{3}-1\right)-\left(\sqrt{2}-1\right)=\sqrt{3}-\sqrt{2}\)
\(x=\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt{5}}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt{5}}\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3=9+4\sqrt{5}+9-4\sqrt{5}+3\sqrt[3]{\left(9-4\sqrt{5}\right)\left(9+4\sqrt{5}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt{5}}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt{5}}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3=18+3x\sqrt[3]{81-80}=18-3x\\ \Leftrightarrow x^3-3x=18\\ y=\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt{2}}\\ \Leftrightarrow y^3=6+3\sqrt[3]{\left(3-2\sqrt{2}\right)\left(3+2\sqrt{2}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt{2}}\right)\\ \Leftrightarrow y^3=6+3y\sqrt[3]{9-8}=6+3y\\ \Leftrightarrow y^3-3y=6\\ \Leftrightarrow P=x^3+y^3-3\left(x+y\right)+1993\\ P=x^3+y^3-3x-3y+1993=18+6+1993=2017\)
Áp dụng: \(\left(a+b\right)^3=a^3+3a^2b+3ab^2+b^3=a^3+b^3+3ab\left(a+b\right)\)
\(x=\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt{5}}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt{5}}\)
\(\Rightarrow x^3=9+4\sqrt{5}+9-4\sqrt{5}+3\sqrt[3]{\left(9+4\sqrt{5}\right)\left(9-4\sqrt{5}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{9+4\sqrt{5}}+\sqrt[3]{9-4\sqrt{5}}\right)\)
\(=18+3\sqrt[3]{81-80}.x=18+3x\)
\(y=\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt{2}}\)
\(\Rightarrow y^3=3-2\sqrt{2}+3+2\sqrt{2}+3\sqrt[3]{\left(3-2\sqrt{2}\right)\left(3+2\sqrt{2}\right)}\left(\sqrt[3]{3-2\sqrt{2}}+\sqrt[3]{3+2\sqrt{2}}\right)\)
\(=6+3\sqrt[3]{9-8}y=6+3y\)
\(P=x^3+y^3-3\left(x+y\right)+1993\)
\(=18+3x+6+3y-3x-3y+1993=2017\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng HĐT $(a-b)^3=a^3-b^3-3ab(a-b)$ ta có:
\(x^3=2+\sqrt{3}-(2-\sqrt{3})-3\sqrt[3]{(2+\sqrt{3})(2-\sqrt{3})}.x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3=2\sqrt{3}-3x\)
\(y^3=\sqrt{5}+2-(\sqrt{5}-2)-3\sqrt[3]{(\sqrt{5}-2)(\sqrt{5}+2)}.y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^3=4-3y\)
Khi đó:
\(A=(x-y)^3+3(x-y)(xy+1)=x^3-y^3-3xy(x-y)+3(x-y)xy+3(x-y)\)
\(=x^3-y^3+3x-3y=2\sqrt{3}-3x-(4-3y)+3x-3y\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}-4\)
Lời giải:
Áp dụng HĐT $(a-b)^3=a^3-b^3-3ab(a-b)$ ta có:
\(x^3=2+\sqrt{3}-(2-\sqrt{3})-3\sqrt[3]{(2+\sqrt{3})(2-\sqrt{3})}.x\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^3=2\sqrt{3}-3x\)
\(y^3=\sqrt{5}+2-(\sqrt{5}-2)-3\sqrt[3]{(\sqrt{5}-2)(\sqrt{5}+2)}.y\)
\(\Leftrightarrow y^3=4-3y\)
Khi đó:
\(A=(x-y)^3+3(x-y)(xy+1)=x^3-y^3-3xy(x-y)+3(x-y)xy+3(x-y)\)
\(=x^3-y^3+3x-3y=2\sqrt{3}-3x-(4-3y)+3x-3y\)
\(=2\sqrt{3}-4\)