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Ta có : \(A=\frac{2019}{x+xy+1}+\frac{2019}{y+yz+1}+\frac{2019}{z+zx+1}=2019\left(\frac{1}{x+xy+1}+\frac{1}{y+yz+1}+\frac{1}{z+zx+1}\right)\)
\(=2019\left(\frac{z}{xz+xyz+z}+\frac{xz}{xyz+xyz^2+xz}+\frac{1}{z+zx+1}\right)\)
\(=2019\left(\frac{z}{xz+z+1}+\frac{xz}{1+z+xz}+\frac{1}{z+zx+1}\right)\)(vì xyz = 1)
\(=2019\left(\frac{z+xz+1}{xz+z+1}\right)=2019\)
Vậy A = 2019
Ta có : x3 + y3 = z(3xy - z2)
=> x3 + y3 = 3xyz - z3
=> x3 + y3 + z3 - 3xyz = 0
=> (x + y)(x2 - xy + y2) + z3 - 3xyz = 0
=> (x + y)3 - 3xy(x + y) + z3 - 3xyz = 0
=> [(x + y)3 + z3] - 3xy(x + y) - 3xyz = 0
=> (x + y + z)[(x + y)2 - (x + y)z + z2] - 3xy(x + y + z) = 0
=> (x + y +z)(x2 + y 2 + 2xy - xz - yz + z2) - 3xy(x + y + z) = 0
=> (x + y + z)(x2 + y2 + z2 - xy - yz - zx) = 0
=> x2 + y2 + z2 - xy - yz - zx = 0 (Vì x + y + z = 3)
=> 2(x2 + y2 + z2 - xy - yz - zx) = 0
=> 2x2 + 2y2 + 2z2 - 2xy - 2yz - 2zx = 0
=> (x2 - 2xy + y2) + (y2 - 2yz + z2) + (x2 - 2zx + z2) = 0
=> (x - y)2 + (y - z)2 + (x - z)2 = 0
=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x-y=0\\y-z=0\\x-z=0\end{cases}}\Rightarrow x=y=z\)
mà x + y + z = 3
=> x = y = z = 1
Khi đó A = 673(x2019 + y2019 + z2019) + 1
= 673(12019 + 12019 + 12019) + 1
= 673.3 + 1 = 2020
Vậy A = 2020
Đặt \(\dfrac{x}{2019}=\dfrac{y}{2020}=\dfrac{z}{2021}=k\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=2019k\\y=2020k\\z=2021k\end{matrix}\right.\)
Ta có : \(4.\left(x-y\right).\left(y-z\right)=4.\left(2019k-2020k\right).\left(2020k-2021k\right)=4.\left(-k\right).\left(-k\right)=4k^2\)
Lại có : \(\left(z-x\right)^2=\left(2021k-2019k\right)^2=4k^2\)
Do đó : \(4.\left(x-y\right).\left(y-z\right)=\left(z-x\right)^2\)
\(\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{x-y}{-1};\dfrac{y}{2019}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1};\dfrac{x}{2018}=\dfrac{z}{2020}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow\dfrac{x-y}{-1}=\dfrac{y-z}{-1}=\dfrac{x-z}{-2}\\ \Leftrightarrow2\left(x-y\right)=2\left(y-z\right)=x-z\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-z\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^3=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(x-y\right)=8\left(x-y\right)^2\left(y-z\right)\)