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ĐK:\(x,y,z\ge \frac{1}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có:
\(2x+2y+2z-\sqrt{4x-1}-\sqrt{4y-1}-\sqrt{4z-1}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x-1-2\sqrt{4x-1}+1\right)+\left(4y-1-2\sqrt{4y-1}+1\right)+\left(4z-1-2\sqrt{4z-1}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{4x-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{4y-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{4z-1}-1\right)^2=0\)
Dễ thấy: \(VT\ge0\forall x,y,z\)
\("="\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\sqrt{4x-1}=1\\\sqrt{4y-1}=1\\\sqrt{4z-1}=1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\dfrac{1}{2}\)
Lời giải:
ĐK \(x,y,z\geq \frac{1}{4}\)
\(\text{HPT}\Rightarrow 2(x+y+z)=\sqrt{4x-1}+\sqrt{4y-1}+\sqrt{4z-1}\)
Áp dụng bất đẳng thức AM-GM ta có :
\(\sqrt{4x-1}=\sqrt{(4x-1).1}\leq \frac{4x-1+1}{2}=2x\)
Tương tự với các biểu thức còn lại.....
\(\Rightarrow \sqrt{4x-1}+\sqrt{4y-1}+\sqrt{4z-1}\leq 2(x+y+z)\)
Dấu bằng xảy ra khi \(\left\{\begin{matrix} 4x-1=1\\ 4y-1=1\\ 4z-1=1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow \left\{\begin{matrix} x=\frac{1}{2}\\ y=\frac{1}{2}\\ z=\frac{1}{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy HPT có nghiệm \((x,y,z)=\left(\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2},\frac{1}{2}\right)\)
Đặt \(\left(x-1;y-2;z-3\right)=\left(a;b;c\right)=abc>0\)
Điều kiện bài toán trở thành :
\(a+1+b+2+c+3< 9\)
\(\sqrt{a+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}}+\sqrt{c+5\left(a+1\right)+4\left(b+2\right)+3+\left(c+3\right)}\)
\(=\left(a+1\right)\left(b+2\right)=\left(b+2\right)\left(c+3\right)=\left(c+3\right)+\left(a+1\right)+11+a+b+c< 3\)
\(a+b+c< 3\)
\(=\sqrt{a+\sqrt{b}+\sqrt{c}+ab+bc+ca}\)
Mặt khác, do aa không âm, ta luôn có:
\(\text{(√a−1)2(a+2√a)≥0(a−1)2(a+2a)≥0}\)
\(\text{⇒a2−3a+2√a≥0⇒a2−3a+2a≥0}\)
\(\text{⇒2√a≥a(3−a)≥a(b+c)⇒2a≥a(3−a)≥a(b+c) (1)}\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có:\(\text{ 2√b≥b(c+a)2b≥b(c+a) (2)}\)
\(\text{2√c≥c(a+b)2c≥c(a+b) (3)}\)
Cộng vế với vế (1);(2);(3):
\(\text{2(√a+√b+√c)≥2(ab+bc+ca)2(a+b+c)≥2(ab+bc+ca)}\)
\(\text{⇔√a+√b+√c≥ab+bc+ca⇔a+b+c≥ab+bc+ca}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra khi và chỉ khi \(\text{a=b=c=0a=b=c=0 hoặc a=b=c=1a=b=c=1}\)
⇒x=...;y=...;z=...
1. Với mọi số thực x;y;z ta có:
\(x^2+y^2+z^2+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(x^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(y^2+1\right)+\dfrac{1}{2}\left(z^2+1\right)\ge xy+yz+zx+x+y+z\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\dfrac{3}{2}P+\dfrac{3}{2}\ge6\)
\(\Rightarrow P\ge3\)
\(P_{min}=3\) khi \(x=y=z=1\)
1.1
ĐKXĐ: ...
Đặt \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{x}}=a>0\\\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{y}}=b>0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a+\sqrt{2-b^2}=2\\b+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow a-b+\sqrt{2-b^2}-\sqrt{2-a^2}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a-b+\dfrac{\left(a-b\right)\left(a+b\right)}{\sqrt{2-b^2}+\sqrt{2-a^2}}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow a=b\Leftrightarrow x=y\)
Thay vào pt đầu:
\(a+\sqrt{2-a^2}=2\Rightarrow\sqrt{2-a^2}=2-a\) (\(a\le2\))
\(\Leftrightarrow2-a^2=4-4a+a^2\Leftrightarrow2a^2-4a+2=0\)
\(\Rightarrow a=1\Rightarrow x=y=1\)
2.
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+y^2\right)^2-x^2y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\\left(x^2+xy+y^2\right)\left(x^2-xy+y^2\right)=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+xy+y^2=7\\x^2-xy+y^2=3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}3x^2+3xy+3y^2=21\\7x^2-7xy+7y^2=21\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow4x^2-10xy+4y^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2\left(2x-y\right)\left(x-2y\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=2x\\y=\dfrac{1}{2}x\end{matrix}\right.\)
Thế vào pt đầu
...
DK : \(x,y,z\ge\frac{1}{2}\)
Cộng theo vế 3 BĐT trên ta có :
\(2x+2y+2z-\sqrt{4x-1}-\sqrt{4y-1}-\sqrt{4z-1}=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(4x-1-2\sqrt{4x-1}+1\right)+\left(4y-1-2\sqrt{4y-1}+1\right)\)
\(+\left(4z-1-2\sqrt{4z-1}+1\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{4x-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{4y-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{4z-1}-1\right)^2=0\)
Dễ thấy : \(VT\ge0\forall x,y,z\)
" = " \(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{4x-1}=1\\\sqrt{4y-1}=1\\\sqrt{4z-1}=1\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}}\)
Chúc bạn học tốt !!!
ĐK: \(x,y,z\ge\frac{1}{4}\)
hệ pt <=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}x+y=\sqrt{4z-1}\\y+z=\sqrt{4x-1}\\z+x=\sqrt{4y-1}\end{cases}}\)
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}2x+2y=2\sqrt{4z-1}\\2y+2z=2\sqrt{4x-1}\\2z+2x=2\sqrt{4y-1}\end{cases}}\)
=> \(4x+4y+4z=2\sqrt{4z-1}+2\sqrt{4x-1}+2\sqrt{4y-1}\)
<=> \(\left(4x-1-2\sqrt{4x-1}+1\right)+\left(4y-1-2\sqrt{4y-1}+1\right)+\left(4z-1-2\sqrt{4z-1}+1\right)=0\)
<=> \(\left(\sqrt{4x-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{4y-1}-1\right)^2+\left(\sqrt{4z-1}-1\right)^2=0\)
<=> \(\hept{\begin{cases}\sqrt{4x-1}-1=0\\\sqrt{4y-1}-1=0\\\sqrt{4z-1}-1=0\end{cases}\Leftrightarrow}\hept{\begin{cases}4x-1=1\\4y-1=1\\4z-1=1\end{cases}}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)(tm đk)
Thử vào thỏa mãn.
Vậy...
+ \(\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2=4\Rightarrow x+y+z+2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=1\)
+ \(x+1=x+\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}=\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)+\sqrt{z}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\)
\(=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)\)
+ Tương tự : \(y+1=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\); \(z+1=\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\)
+ \(P=\sqrt{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)^2\left(\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{x}\right)^2}\cdot\frac{\sqrt{x}\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)+\sqrt{y}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{z}\right)+\sqrt{z}\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)}{\left(\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}\right)\left(\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\right)\left(\sqrt{z}+\sqrt{x}\right)}\)
\(=2\left(\sqrt{xy}+\sqrt{yz}+\sqrt{zx}\right)=2\)
Cách 2: sử dụng BĐT
Ta có: \(1.\sqrt{4z-1}\le\frac{1}{2}\left(1+4z-1\right)=2z\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y\le2z\) (1)
Tương tự ta có: \(y+z\le2x\) (2) ; \(z+x\le2y\) (3)
Cộng vế với vế (1) và (2) \(\Rightarrow2y\le x+z\) (4)
Từ (3); (4) \(\Rightarrow2y=x+z\)
Hoàn toàn tương tự ta có: \(2z=x+y\) ; \(2x=y+z\)
\(\Rightarrow x=y=z\)
Thay vào pt ban đầu: \(2x=\sqrt{4x-1}\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)
ĐKXĐ: ...
Lần lượt trừ vế với vế của từng pt ta được hệ mới:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-z=\sqrt{4z-1}-\sqrt{4x-1}\\y-z=\sqrt{4z-1}-\sqrt{4y-1}\\x-y=\sqrt{4y-1}-\sqrt{4x-1}\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x-z=\frac{4\left(z-x\right)}{\sqrt{4z-1}+\sqrt{4x-1}}\\y-z=\frac{4\left(z-y\right)}{\sqrt{4y-1}+\sqrt{4z-1}}\\x-y=\frac{4\left(y-x\right)}{\sqrt{4x-1}+\sqrt{4y-1}}\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-z\right)\left(1+\frac{4}{\sqrt{4z-1}+\sqrt{4x-1}}\right)=0\\\left(y-z\right)\left(1+\frac{4}{\sqrt{4y-1}+\sqrt{4z-1}}\right)=0\\\left(x-y\right)\left(1+\frac{4}{\sqrt{4x-1}+\sqrt{4y-1}}\right)=0\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z\)
Thay vào pt đầu:
\(2x=\sqrt{4x-1}\Leftrightarrow4x^2=4x-1\Leftrightarrow\left(2x-1\right)^2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x=y=z=\frac{1}{2}\)