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\(\Leftrightarrow y=\dfrac{\sqrt{c-2}}{c}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
Ta có: \(\dfrac{\sqrt{c-2}}{c}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\Leftrightarrow\left(\sqrt{c-2}-\sqrt{2}\right)^2\ge0\) ( Luôn đúng)
Tương tự: \(\dfrac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}};\dfrac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\le\dfrac{1}{4}\)
\(\Rightarrow y\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+\dfrac{1}{4}\) và dấu ''='' xảy ra khi c = 4; a = 6; b = 8
Ta đặt:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=a-1\\y=b-2\\z=c-3\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow x+y+z=3\) và \(x,y,z\ge0\) (*)
Biểu thứ P trở thành:
\(P=\sqrt{x}+\sqrt{y}+\sqrt{z}\)
Từ (*) dễ thấy:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le x\le3\\0\le y\le3\\0\le z\le3\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le x\le\sqrt{3x}\\0\le y\le\sqrt{3y}\\0\le z\le\sqrt{3z}\end{matrix}\right.\)
Do đó:
\(P\ge\dfrac{x+y+z}{\sqrt{3}}=\sqrt{3}\)
Dầu "=" xảy ra khi \(\left(a;b;c\right)=\left(3;0;0\right)=\left(0;3;0\right)=\left(0;0;3\right)\)
\(\dfrac{\sqrt{ab+2c^2}}{\sqrt{1+ab-c^2}}=\dfrac{\sqrt{ab+2c^2}}{\sqrt{a^2+b^2+ab}}=\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{\sqrt{\left(a^2+b^2+ab\right)\left(ab+2c^2\right)}}\ge\dfrac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+2ab+2c^2}\)
\(\ge\dfrac{2\left(ab+2c^2\right)}{a^2+b^2+a^2+b^2+2c^2}=\dfrac{ab+2c^2}{a^2+b^2+c^2}=ab+2c^2\)
Tương tự và cộng lại:
\(VT\ge ab+bc+ca+2\left(a^2+b^2+c^2\right)=2+ab+bc+ca\)
*Sửa đề: tìm GTNN
\(A=\frac{ab\sqrt{c-2}+bc\sqrt{a-3}+ca\sqrt{b-4}}{abc}\)
\(=\frac{\sqrt{c-2}}{c}+\frac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}+\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
Áp dụng BĐT AM-GM ta có:
\(\frac{\sqrt{c-2}}{c}=\frac{\sqrt{2\left(c-2\right)}}{\sqrt{2}c}\ge\frac{\frac{2+c-2}{2}}{\sqrt{2}c}=\frac{\frac{c}{2}}{\sqrt{2}c}=\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\)
TƯơng tự cho 2 BĐT còn lại ta cũng có:
\(\frac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}\ge\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}};\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\ge\frac{1}{2\sqrt{4}}\)
Suy ra \(A\ge\frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{\sqrt{4}}\right)\)
\(\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}c-\sqrt{2}\right)^2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{8}c^2-c+2\ge0\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}c\ge\sqrt{c-2}\)
\(\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\ge\frac{\sqrt{c-2}}{c}\)
tương tự \(\left(\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}a-\sqrt{3}\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\ge\frac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}\)
\(\left(\frac{1}{4}b-2\right)^2\ge0\Rightarrow\frac{1}{4}\ge\frac{\sqrt{b-4}}{b}\)
\(\Rightarrow P\le\frac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}+\frac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}+\frac{1}{4}\)
Dấu "=" xảy ra <=>c=4;a=6;b=8
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Lời giải:
\(a+b+c=abc\)
\(\Rightarrow a(a+b+c)=a^2bc\)
\(\Rightarrow a(a+b+c)+bc=a^2bc+bc\)
\(\Rightarrow (a+b)(a+c)=bc(a^2+1)\)
\(\Rightarrow \frac{a}{\sqrt{bc(a^2+1)}}=\frac{a}{\sqrt{(a+b)(a+c)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a}{a+b}+\frac{a}{a+c}\right)\) (theo BĐT AM-GM ngược dấu)
Hoàn toàn tương tự:
\(\frac{b}{\sqrt{ca(b^2+1)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{b}{b+a}+\frac{b}{b+c}\right)\)
\(\frac{c}{\sqrt{ab(c^2+1)}}\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{c}{c+a}+\frac{c}{c+b}\right)\)
Cộng theo vế những BĐT thu được ở trên ta có:
\(S\leq \frac{1}{2}\left(\frac{a+b}{a+b}+\frac{b+c}{b+c}+\frac{c+a}{c+a}\right)=\frac{3}{2}\)
Vậy \(S_{\max}=\frac{3}{2}\Leftrightarrow a=b=c=\sqrt{3}\)
biến đổi ta đc \(P=\dfrac{\sqrt{c-1}}{c}+\dfrac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}+\dfrac{\sqrt{b-2}}{b}\)
ta có \(c=c-1+1\ge2\sqrt{c-1}\)
=> \(\dfrac{\sqrt{c-1}}{c}\le\dfrac{1}{2}\)
tương tự ta có \(\dfrac{\sqrt{b-2}}{b}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{2}}\); \(\dfrac{\sqrt{a-3}}{a}\le\dfrac{1}{2\sqrt{3}}\)
=> P \(\le\dfrac{1}{2}\left(1+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}}+\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{3}}\right)\)
dấu đẳng thức xảy ra khi c=2;b=4;a=6