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Xét khai triển:
\(\left(1+x\right)^n=C_n^0+C_n^1x+C_n^2x^2+...+C_n^nx^n\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x\left(1+x\right)^n=C_n^0x+C_n^1x^2+C_n^2x^3+...+C_n^nx^{n+1}\)
Đạo hàm 2 vế:
\(\left(1+x\right)^n+nx\left(1+x\right)^{n-1}=C_n^0+2C_n^1x+3C_n^2x^2+...+\left(n+1\right)C_n^nx^n\)
Thay \(x=1\)
\(\Rightarrow2^n+n.2^{n-1}=1+2C_n^1+3C_n^2+...+\left(n+1\right)C_n^n\)
\(\Rightarrow2^{n-1}\left(2+n\right)-1=111\)
\(\Rightarrow2^{n-1}\left(2+n\right)=112=2^4.7\)
\(\Rightarrow n=5\)
\(\left(x^2+\dfrac{2}{x}\right)^5=\sum\limits^5_{k=0}C_5^kx^{2k}.2^{5-k}.x^{k-5}=\sum\limits^5_{k=0}C_5^k.2^{5-k}.x^{3k-5}\)
\(3k-5=4\Rightarrow k=3\Rightarrow\) hệ số: \(C_5^3.2^2\)
ta có : \(\left(\dfrac{x}{3}-\dfrac{3}{x}\right)^{12}=\sum\limits^{12}_{k=0}C^k_{12}\left(\dfrac{x}{3}\right)^{12-k}.\left(-1\right)^k\left(\dfrac{3}{x}\right)^k\)
\(=\sum\limits^{12}_{k=0}C^k_{12}\left(-1\right)^k\dfrac{\left(x\right)^{12-2k}}{3^{12-2k}}\)
\(\Rightarrow\) để có số hạng chứa \(x^4\) thì \(12-2k=4\Leftrightarrow k=4\)
\(\Rightarrow\) hệ số của số hạng chứa \(x^4\) là : \(\dfrac{C^4_{12}\left(-1\right)^4}{3^4}=\dfrac{55}{9}\)
vậy ............................................................................................................
\(f\left(x\right)=\sum\limits^3_{i=0}C_3^i\left(x+x^2\right)^i.\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^{3-i}\sum\limits^{15}_{k=0}C_{15}^k\left(2x\right)^k\)
\(=\sum\limits^3_{i=0}\sum\limits^i_{j=0}C_3^i.C_i^jx^j.\left(x^2\right)^{i-j}\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^{3-i}\sum\limits^{15}_{k=0}C_{15}^k.2^k.x^k\)
\(=\sum\limits^3_{i=0}\sum\limits^i_{j=0}\sum\limits^{15}_{k=0}C_3^iC_i^jC_{15}^k\left(\dfrac{1}{4}\right)^{3-i}.2^k.x^{2i+k-j}\)
Số hạng chứa \(x^{13}\) thỏa mãn:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}0\le i\le3\\0\le j\le i\\0\le k\le15\\2i+k-j=13\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(i;j;k\right)=\left(0;0;13\right);\left(1;0;12\right);\left(1;1;11\right);\left(2;0;11\right);\left(2;1;10\right);\left(2;2;9\right);\left(3;0;10\right);\left(3;1;9\right)\)
\(\left(3;2;8\right);\left(3;3;7\right)\) (quá nhiều)
Hệ số....
Giả thiết tương đương:
\(C_{2n+1}^{n+1}+C_{2n+1}^{n+2}+...+C_{2n+1}^{2n}+C_{2n+1}^{2n+1}=2^{100}\) (thay \(1=C_{2n+1}^{2n+1}\))
Mặt khác:
\(C_{2n+1}^{2n+1}=C_{2n+1}^0\)
\(C_{2n+1}^{2n}=C_{2n+1}^1\)
....
\(C_{2n+1}^{n+1}=C_{2n+1}^n\)
Cộng vế:
\(\Rightarrow C_{2n+1}^{n+1}+C_{2n+1}^{n+2}+...+C_{2n+1}^{2n+1}=C_{2n+1}^0+C_{2n+1}^1+...+C_{2n+1}^n\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(C_{2n+1}^{n+1}+...+C_{2n+1}^{2n+1}\right)=C_{2n+1}^0+C_{2n+1}^1+...+C_{2n+1}^{2n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2.2^{100}=2^{2n+1}\) (đẳng thức cơ bản: \(\sum\limits^n_{k=0}C_n^k=2^n\))
\(\Leftrightarrow2^{101}=2^{2n+1}\)
\(\Rightarrow2n+1=101\)
\(\Rightarrow n=50\)
SHTQ trong khai triển: \(C_{50}^k.\left(x^{-3}\right)^k.\left(x^2\right)^{50-k}=C_{50}^kx^{100-5k}\)
\(100-5k=20\Rightarrow k=16\)
Hệ số: \(C_{50}^{16}\)