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Đặt \(g\left(x\right)=f\left(x\right)-x-1\Rightarrow g\left(2\right)=g\left(3\right)=g\left(4\right)=0\)
\(\Rightarrow g\left(x\right)\) có 3 nghiệm 2;3;4
\(\Rightarrow g\left(x\right)=a\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=g\left(x\right)+x+1=a\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)+x+1\)
\(f\left(5\right)=10\Rightarrow a\left(5-2\right)\left(5-3\right)\left(5-4\right)+5+1=10\)
\(\Rightarrow a=\dfrac{2}{3}\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-4\right)+x+1\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(6\right)=\dfrac{2}{3}.4.3.2+6+1=...\)
Đặt \(f\left(x\right)=ax^3+bx^2+cx+d\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x+1\right)=a\left(x+1\right)^2+b\left(x+1\right)^2+c\left(x+1\right)+d\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x+1\right)=ax^3+\left(3a+b\right)x^2+\left(3a+2b+c\right)x+a+b+c+d\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)+f\left(x+1\right)=2ax^3+\left(3a+2b\right)x^2+\left(3a+2b+2c\right)x+a+b+c+2d\)
Đồng nhất hệ số ta được:
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2a=4\\3a+2b=14\\3a+2b+2c=16\\a+b+c+2d=17\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=2\\b=4\\c=1\\d=5\end{matrix}\right.\)
Vậy \(f\left(x\right)=2x^3+4x^2+x+5\)
Đặt \(g\left(x\right)=f\left(x\right)+h\left(x\right)\left(1\right)\)trong đó \(h\left(x\right)=ax^2+bx+c\left(2\right)\)
Tìm \(a,b,c\)sao cho \(g\left(1\right)=g\left(2\right)=g\left(3\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}g\left(1\right)=f\left(1\right)+h\left(1\right)=0\\g\left(2\right)=f\left(2\right)+h\left(2\right)=0\\g\left(3\right)=f\left(3\right)+h\left(3\right)=0\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}h\left(1\right)=-5\\h\left(2\right)=-11\\h\left(3\right)=-21\end{cases}}\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=-5\\4a+2b+c=-11\\9a+3b+c=-21\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a+b+c=-5\\3a+b=-6\\5a+b=-10\end{cases}}\)\(\Leftrightarrow\hept{\begin{cases}a=-2\\b=0\\c=-3\end{cases}}\)Thay vào (2) ta được:
\(h\left(x\right)=4x-3\)
Vì \(g\left(1\right)=g\left(2\right)=g\left(3\right)=0\)mà g(x) bậc 4 có hệ số cao nhất là 1 nên ta có
\(g\left(x\right)=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-x_0\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right)\Rightarrow f\left(x\right)=g\left(x\right)-h\left(x\right)\)
\(=\left(x-1\right)\left(x-2\right)\left(x-3\right)\left(x-x_0\right)+4x-3\)
\(f\left(-1\right)=\left(-1-1\right)\left(-1-2\right)\left(-1-3\right)\left(-1-x_0\right)+4.\left(-1\right)-3\)
\(=-24\left(-1-x_0\right)-7\)
\(f\left(5\right)=\left(5-1\right)\left(5-2\right)\left(5-3\right)\left(5-x_0\right)+4.5-3\)
\(=24\left(5-x_0\right)+17\)
\(\Rightarrow f\left(-1\right)+f\left(5\right)\)\(=-24\left(-1-x_0\right)-7+24\left(5-x_0\right)+17\)
\(=24+24x_0+120-24x_0+10\)
\(=154\)