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\(x^2+4y^2=x^2y^2-2xy\)
\(\Rightarrow x^2+4y^2+4xy=x^2y^2+2xy+1-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(x+2y\right)^2=\left(xy+1\right)^2-1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(xy+1\right)^2-\left(x+2y\right)^2=1\)
\(\Rightarrow\left(xy-x-2y+1\right)\left(xy+x+2y+1\right)=1\)
Vì x,y là các số nguyên nên \(\left(xy-x-2y+1\right),\left(xy+x+2y+1\right)\) là các ước số của 1. Do đó ta có 2 trường hợp:
TH1: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy-x-2y+1=1\\xy+x+2y+1=1\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-xy+x+2y-1=-1\\xy+x+2y+1=1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+2y\right)=0\Rightarrow x=-2y\)
Thay vào (1) ta được:
\(-2y^2+1=1\Leftrightarrow y=0\Rightarrow x=0\)
TH2: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}xy-x-2y+1=-1\\xy+x+2y+1=-1\left(1\right)\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}-xy+x+2y-1=1\\xy+x+2y+1=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow2\left(x+2y\right)=0\Rightarrow x=-2y\)
Thay vào (1) ta được:
\(-2y^2+1=-1\Leftrightarrow\left[{}\begin{matrix}y=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(y=1\Rightarrow x=-2;y=-1\Rightarrow x=2\)
Vậy các cặp số nguyên (x;y) thỏa điều kiện ở đề bài là \(\left(0;0\right),\left(2;-1\right)\left(-2;1\right)\)
\(M=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{16}}{x^2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\dfrac{49}{16}\)
\(M_{min}=\dfrac{49}{16}\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{7}};\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{14}};\dfrac{2}{\sqrt{7}}\right)\)
\(M=\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{16}}{x^2}+\dfrac{\dfrac{1}{4}}{y^2}+\dfrac{1}{z^2}\ge\dfrac{\left(\dfrac{1}{4}+\dfrac{1}{2}+1\right)^2}{x^2+y^2+z^2}=\dfrac{7}{4}\)
\(M_{min}=\dfrac{7}{4}\) khi \(\left(x;y;z\right)=\left(\dfrac{1}{2};\dfrac{1}{\sqrt{2}};1\right)\)
\(a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2-18x+4z-6y+20=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y-2x+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy-2x+4y+5=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(d,x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y-4z-14\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(2y-3\right)^2+\left(z+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=\dfrac{3}{2}\\z=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(e,x^2+y^2-6x+4y+2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)
Pt vô nghiệm do ko có 2 bình phương số nguyên có tổng là 11
e: Ta có: \(x^2-6x+y^2+4y+2=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^2-6x+9+y^2+4y+4-11=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x-3\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=11\)
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=-2
\(a,\Leftrightarrow\left(9x^2-18x+9\right)+\left(y^2-6y+9\right)+\left(2z^2+4z+2\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow9\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y-3\right)^2+2\left(z+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=3\\z=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(b,\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+8xy+4y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+2y+1\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow4\left(x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+1\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=-y\\x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-1\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(c,\Leftrightarrow\left(4x^2+4xy+y^2\right)+\left(x^2-2x+1\right)+\left(y^2+4y+4\right)=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left(2x+y\right)^2+\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2=0\\ \Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}2x=-y\\x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\)
a,9x^2+y^2+2z^2−18x+4z−6y+20=0
⇔9(x−1)^2+(y−3)^2+2(z+1)^2=0
⇔x=1;y=3;z=−1
b,5x^2+5y^2+8xy+2y−2x+2=0
⇔4(x+y)2+(x−1)2+(y+1)2=0
⇔x=−y;x=1y=−1⇔x=1y=−1
c,5x^2+2y^2+4xy−2x+4y+5=0
⇔(2x+y)^2+(x−1)^2+(y+2)^2=0
⇔2x=−y;x=1;y=−2
⇔x=1;y=−2
d,x^2+4y^2+z^2=2x+12y−4z−14
⇔(x−1)^2+(2y−3)^2+(z+2)^2=0
⇔x=1;y=3/2;z=−2
e: Ta có: x^2−6x+y2+4y+2=0
⇔x^2−6x+9+y^2+4y+4−11=0
⇔(x−3)^2+(y+2)^2=11
Dấu '=' xảy ra khi x=3 và y=-2
\(x^2-2x+y^2+4y-4< 0\)
⇔ \(\left(x-1\right)^2+\left(y+2\right)^2< 9\)
Mà \(\left(x-1\right)^2\ge0;\left(y+2\right)^2\ge0\) và 2 số này đều là bình phương của một số nguyên
Nên ta có các trường hơpj
TH1 : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=0\\\left(y+2\right)^2=0\end{matrix}\right.\) \(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=1\\y=-2\end{matrix}\right.\) (TM)
TH2 : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=1\\\left(y+2\right)^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\) .....
TH3 : \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\left(x-1\right)^2=4\\\left(y+2\right)^2=1\end{matrix}\right.\) .....
Thôi tự túc mấy trường hợp còn lại. Nghi đề sai lắm :((
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+1+2x^2y^2+2y^2+2x^2-5x^2-4y^2-5=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow x^4+y^4+2x^2y^2-3x^2-2y^2-4=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^4+2y^4+4x^2y^2-6x^2-4y^2-8=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow2x^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)+2y^2\left(x^2+y^2\right)-4\left(x^2+y^2\right)-2\left(x^2+4\right)=0\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2\right)\left(x^2+y^2-2\right)-x^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2-1\right)^2-1-x^2=4\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left(x^2+y^2-1\right)^2-x^2=4-1=2^2-1^2\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x^2+y^2-1=2\\x=\pm1\end{matrix}\right.\)\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=\pm1\\y=\pm\sqrt{2}\end{matrix}\right.\)(KTM)
Vậy pt vô nghiệm.