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a)
Quy đổi: \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}1,6kg=1600g\\43,22kg=43220g\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{NaOH}=\dfrac{1600}{40}=40\left(mol\right)\\ \xrightarrow[]{\text{BTNT Na}}n_{Na_2CO_3}=\dfrac{40}{2}=20\left(mol\right)\)
Giả sử nếu chỉ có muối \(C_nH_{2n+1}COONa\)
\(\xrightarrow[]{\text{BTNT Na}}n_{C_nH_{2n+1}COONa}=40\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2C_nH_{2n+1}COONa+\left(3n+1\right)O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Na_2CO_3+\left(2n+1\right)CO_2+\left(2n+1\right)H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}=n_{H_2O}=\dfrac{43220}{44+18}=697,1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\xrightarrow[]{\text{BTNT C}}n=\dfrac{697,1+20}{40}=17,9275\left(mol\right)\left(1\right)\)
Giả sử nếu chỉ có muối \(C_nH_{2n-1}COONa\)
\(\xrightarrow[]{\text{BTNT Na}}n_{C_nH_{2n-1}COONa}=40\left(mol\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2C_nH_{2n-1}COONa+\left(4n-1\right)O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Na_2CO_3+\left(2n+1\right)CO_2+\left(2n-1\right)H_2O\)
Theo PT: \(n_{CO_2}-n_{H_2O}=\left(2n+1\right)-\left(2n-1\right)=2=n_{C_nH_{2n-1}COONa}\)
\(\rightarrow n_{CO_2}-n_{H_2O}=40\left(mol\right)\)
Mà \(m_{CO_2}+m_{H_2O}=44n_{CO_2}+18n_{H_2O}=43220\left(g\right)\)
\(\Leftrightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{CO_2}=708,7\left(mol\right)\\n_{H_2O}=668,7\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\xrightarrow[]{\text{BTNT C}}n=\dfrac{708,7+20}{40}=18,2175\left(mol\right)\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\rightarrow17,9275< n< 18,2175\)
Mà \(n\in N\text{*}\)
\(\rightarrow n=18\)
Vậy trong CTPT của mỗi muối có 18 nguyên tử C
Vậy CTPT của 2 muối đó lần lượt là \(C_{17}H_{35}COONa,C_{17}H_{33}COONa\)
b)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{C_{17}H_{35}COONa}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{C_{17}H_{33}COONa}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(đk:a,b>0\right)\)
\(\xrightarrow[]{\text{BTNT Na}}n_{NaOH}=a+b=40\left(1\right)\)
PTHH:
\(2C_{17}H_{35}COONa+68O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Na_2CO_3+35CO_2+35H_2O\)
a------------------------------------------------>17,5a--->17,5a
\(2C_{17}H_{33}COONa+O_2\xrightarrow[]{t^o}Na_2CO_3+35CO_2+33H_2O\)
b------------------------------------------------>17,5b--->16,5b
\(\rightarrow m_{CO_2}+m_{H_2O}=44\left(17,5a+17,5b\right)+18\left(17,5a+16,5b\right)=1085a+1067b=43220\left(2\right)\)
Từ \(\left(1\right),\left(2\right)\rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}a=30\left(mol\right)\\b=10\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\left(TM\right)\)
+) TH1: Axit tự do là \(C_{17}H_{35}COOH\) và muối là \(\left(C_{17}H_{33}COO\right)_3C_3H_5\)
PTHH:
\(C_{17}H_{35}COOH+NaOH\rightarrow C_{17}H_{35}COONa+H_2O\left(1\right)\)
30<----------------------------------30
\(\left(C_{17}H_{33}COO\right)_3C_3H_5+3NaOH\rightarrow3C_{17}H_{35}COONa+C_3H_5\left(OH\right)_3\left(2\right)\)
\(\dfrac{10}{3}\)<-----------------------------------------10-------------------->\(\dfrac{10}{3}\)
\(\rightarrow m_T=30.284+\dfrac{10}{3}.884=\dfrac{34400}{3}\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow a=\dfrac{\dfrac{34400}{3}}{1000}=\dfrac{172}{15}\left(kg\right)\)
\(\rightarrow b=\dfrac{10}{3}.92=\dfrac{920}{3}\left(g\right)\)
+) TH2: Axit tự do là \(C_{17}H_{33}COOH\) và muối là \(\left(C_{17}H_{35}COO\right)_3C_3H_5\)
PTHH:
\(C_{17}H_{33}COOH+NaOH\rightarrow C_{17}H_{33}COONa+H_2O\)
10<----------------------------------10
\(\left(C_{17}H_{35}COO\right)_3C_3H_5+3NaOH\rightarrow3C_{17}H_{35}COONa+C_3H_5\left(OH\right)_3\)
10<------------------------------------------10--------------------->10
\(\rightarrow m_T=10.282+10.890=11720\left(g\right)\\ \rightarrow a=\dfrac{11720}{1000}=11,72\left(kg\right)\\ \rightarrow b=10.92=920\left(g\right)\)
a)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Fe}=a\left(mol\right)\\n_{Mg}=b\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
=> 56a + 24b = 18,4 (1)
PTHH: Fe + 2HCl --> FeCl2 + H2
a-->2a------>a------>a
Mg + 2HCl --> MgCl2 + H2
b--->2b------->b------>b
=> \(a+b=\dfrac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\) (2)
(1)(2) => a = 0,2 (mol); b = 0,3 (mol)
\(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}\%m_{Fe}=\dfrac{0,2.56}{18,4}.100\%=60,87\%\\\%m_{Mg}=\dfrac{0,3.24}{18,4}.100\%=39,13\%\end{matrix}\right.\)
b) \(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2a+2b=1\left(mol\right)\)
=> \(n_{HCl\left(tt\right)}=\dfrac{1.125}{100}=1,25\left(mol\right)\)
=> mHCl(tt) = 1,25.36,5 = 45,625 (g)
=> \(a=\dfrac{45,625.100}{18,25}=250\left(g\right)\)
c)
mdd sau pư = 18,4 + 250 - 0,5.2 = 267,4 (g)
\(C\%_{FeCl_2}=\dfrac{0,2.127}{267,4}.100\%=9,5\%\)
\(C\%_{MgCl_2}=\dfrac{0,3.95}{267,4}.100\%=10,66\%\)
Gọi \(\left\{{}\begin{matrix}n_{Mg}:x\left(mol\right)\\n_{Fe}:y\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(Mg+2HCl\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2\)
x____2x___________x______x
\(Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2\)
x___2x_________x_______x
Ta có:
\(n_{H2}=\frac{11,2}{22,4}=0,5\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}24x+56y=20\\x+y=0,5\end{matrix}\right.\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}x=0,25\left(mol\right)\\y=0,25\left(mol\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(n_{HCl\left(pư\right)}=2x+2y=0,25.2+0,25.2=1\left(mol\right)\)
\(\Rightarrow\left\{{}\begin{matrix}m_{MgCl2}=0,25.95=23,75\left(g\right)\\m_{FeCl2}=0,25.127=31,75\left(g\right)\end{matrix}\right.\)
\(\Rightarrow m_{muoi}=m_{MgCl2}+m_{FeCl2}=23,75+31,75=55,5\left(g\right)\)
Zn + 2HCl => ZnCl2 + H2
Na2CO3 + 2HCl=> 2NaCl + H2O + CO2
MY = 0,5875.32 = 18,8
áp dụng sơ đồ đường chéo ta đc nH2 : nCO2 = 3:2
mà nH2 = nZn ; nCO2 = nNa2CO3
=> nZn = 3/2 nCO2
ta có \(65.\frac{3}{2}x+106x=4,07\left(g\right)\) => x= 0,02 mol => nZn =0,03
a. => % na2CO3 = \(\frac{0,02.106}{4,07}.100\%=52,088\%\)
=> % Zn = 47,912%
b. nHCl pư = 2 .nZn + 2. nNa2CO3 = 2.0,03+ 2.0,02 = 0,1
=> mHCl pư = 0,1.36,5 = 3,65 (g)
=> m HCl dùng = 3,65.120% = 4,38 (g)
=> mdd HCl = \(\frac{4,38.100}{25}=17,52\)
=> mdd = 4,07 + 17,52 - 0,03.2-0,02.44 = 20,65(g)
mHCl dư = 4,38 - 3,65 = 0,73(g)
C% HCl dư = \(\frac{0,73}{20,65}.100\%\) = 3,535%
Có 3 đồng phân trieste thỏa mãn điều kiện đề bài là
Đáp án B